28 On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. [No. 1. 



fashion of the age to stickle, somewhat overmuch perhaps, for struc- 

 tural or grammatical correspondences, as the only or best evidence 

 of ethnic affinity. I am by no means insensible of the value of such 

 evidence ; and, though I may conceive it to be less important in 

 reference to the extremely inartificial class of languages now in 

 question than in reference to the Indo-European class, I proceed to 

 submit with great pleasure a telling sample of structural identity 

 between the G-yarung tongue, which is spoken on the extreme East 

 or Chinese frontier of Tibet, equidistant from Khokhonur and 

 Tunan, and the Circassian language, which is spoken in the West 

 of Caucasus. 



The Gyarting sample is the fruit of my own research into a group 

 of tongues heretofore unknown, even by name : the Caucasian sam- 

 ple is derived from Rosen apud Latham, pp. 120 — 122. 



Rosen, who was the first to penetrate the mysteries of Caucasian 

 Glossology, states that the Circassian pronouns have two forms, a com^ 

 plete and separable one, and an incomplete and inseparable one. 2nd, 

 that in their incomplete or contracted and concreted form, the pro- 

 nouns blend themselves alike with the nouns and with the verbs. 3rd, 

 that these pronouns, like the nouns, have no inflectional or other case 

 signs, in other words, are immutable. f 4th, that the complete form 

 of the pronouns is distinguished by the suffix Ra. Now, every one of 

 these very arbitrary peculiarities belongs to the pronouns in the Gya- 

 rung language, not less than in that of Circassia, as the following 

 examples will show ; and I should add that by how much the develop- 



doubt respects the Oseti, not the Malayo-Polynesians, for I am satisfied that they 

 are Mongolian, and would now add a striking and novel statement in support of 

 that opinion, but that I must by so doing, go too far ahead of my yet unproduced 

 Sifan vocabularies. The true and endless Mongolian equivalents for the Georgian 

 numeral may be seen in the Appendix to this Essay. 



f I have now ascertained that the same principles prevail, with slight variations, 

 in the Hayn, Kuswar, Kiranti and Limbu languages of the Himalaya, in the Uraon, 

 Ho, Sontal and Gondi tongues of Tamulian India, and in the Tagala and Malaya 

 languages of the Pelasgian group, though passing out of use in the last named 

 tongue as in several of tlie Himalayan tongues. See remarks in the Supplement. 

 I may add that in the Hayn language (of which I have a detailed account nearly 

 completed) the verbs are distinguished into the two classes of transitives and in- 

 transitives precisely as in Malaya. 



