30 On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. ['No. 1. 



But is there no clue to the irregularities, none to the real force 

 and signification, of this pronominal suffix ? Clearly there is ; for, 

 in the Tibetan language the word rang, meaning self, and attaching 

 to all the personal pronouns alike,* affords us that clue, though the 

 people of Circassia and the Gyarung, whose common and familiar 

 use of this suffix is so perfectly analogous, seem equally unaware of 

 the fact, and can neither explain the meaning, nor the partial appli- 

 cation, of their suffix, any more than can the Mantchus and Mon- 

 gols. This I infer from the silence of authors and should add that 

 the explanations are wholly my own, my Gyarung interpreter being 

 able only to express very unsophisticated surprise when asked to 

 analyse a word. 



But I have not yet done with the analogy of Circassian and Gya- 

 rung pronouns, having still to notice that the third personal in Cir- 

 cassian, which drops the Ea suffix, is not really a personal but a 

 demonstrative, equivalent to ille, iste. Now, the Gyarung language 

 has a third personal, which the Circassian lacks ; but it has also a 

 demonstrative, and that demonstrative is the very same as the Circas- 

 sian one ; that is, u or w ; and this pronoun has, in both tongues alike 

 a separate, full, and a concrete contracted form. Moreover, in the 

 Gyarung tongue the forms and uses of this demonstrative afford a 

 perfect elucidation both of its strange metamorphosis (W. to T.) 

 and of its anomalous suffix (i), in Circassian ; for ' watti' is the com- 

 plete separate form in Gyarung ; whilst ' wa,' the contracted form, 

 alone used in composition, constantly takes i, which is really a geni- 

 tive sign and recognised as such in Tibetan but is a mere " parfcicule 

 morte" in Gyarung as in Circassian. Take the following samples 

 from Gyarung : Watti, he, iste, ille : Wape, his father : Womo,t his 



* Nga, I, Ngarang, I myself, Egomet ; and so Kherang, Khorang. Remusat 

 has sadly confused the Tibetan pronouns, and, as I suspect, those of the other 

 " langues tartares," though his work be a marvel for the time and circumstances of 

 its publication. Remusat ut supra, p. 365. 



f The change of wa into wo, in wape and womo, is an instance of that vocalic 

 harmony which these languages so much affect, and which has been erroneously 

 supposed to be peculiar to Turki. We have abundant alliteration both vocalic and 

 consonantal out of, or heyond the Turki branch of, the Mongolian tongues. 



Shaimek, from Shi and Mek, has other peculiarities precisely similar to what 

 occur in the Altaic tongues, teste Remusat. 



