1853.] On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. 31 



mother : Waimyek, wa-i-myek, his eye (myek, eye) : Shaimek, shai- 

 i-mek, leaf of tree (shi, tree, mek, leaf;) and then turn to the Circas- 

 sian samples in Latham, li-i, he ; t-ab, his father ; # i-kwisloit, he 

 rides, and you will perceive that (u being the same with w) the 

 nominal t and the verbal i of Circassian are the secondary or suffix 

 portions of the full Gyarung pronoun exalted into primaries in order 

 to difference the third person from the second, the second already 

 having the wa or u (wab, thy father ; u-kwisloit, thou ridest) form. 

 And that such substitution of the secondary for the primary part of 

 a word is no arbitrary assumption of mine, but a regular principle of 

 the Caucasian and of the Mongolian tongues, may be seen by the 

 numerous examples of it occurring in the subjoined list of vocables. 

 The above elucidations of Circassian pronouns for which I am entire- 

 ly answerable, are so thoroughly in the spirit of Bopp's system that 

 I trust they may find favour in his eyes, though I have ventured to 

 demur to his Arianising of the Tartars by too strained applications 

 of that system. 



I know not if Eosen at all explains the peculiarities of the pro- 

 nouns in Circassian, but Latham does not ; and it will therefore be 

 felt as a truly interesting circumstance that the explanation just 

 given, like that of the Ea suffix, have been fetched from Lhasa and 

 Lithang ! The cultivated tongue of Tibet proper continues, it will 

 be seen, to afford the clue to the labyrinth ; and that it does so, is 

 surely a strong presumptive proof, as well of its superior antiquity 

 as of its superior completeness. So judging, I cannot moreover 

 doubt that the Circassian preterite sign is the same with the Tibe- 

 tan preterite sign (Chen-Tshar), though this be beside the mark of 

 pronominal expositions, — and to these I must confine myself, or I 

 shall not know where to stop, so constantly do these Tartarian illus- 

 trations of the Caucasian tongue flow in upon me. I am unaware 



* In the supplement to this paper will be found an exact and beautiful pendant 

 for this Circassian sample, derived from the Tamulian tongues, the Sontal language 

 having u and i for the 3rd personal and these commutable, in composition, into the 

 conjunct form of ta, precisely ;is in the Circassian tongue. From the Gondi tongue 

 is there given another example of the commutation of u to t, so that my exposition 

 from the Gyarung instance is placed beyond doubt, whilst some fresh and beautiful 

 links are added to the chain of affinities, as to which see prior note. 



