1853.] On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. 



39 



Shy. — Kha-k in Absne. 

 Ka in Lazic. 

 Ka-ka in Akush. 



Kha Khau in Kami. 



Kha is the aspirate, and Ka-ka the 

 reduplicate state of the root. K 

 final is an articular servile, as in 

 Talak, Bit, &c. &c. 



Kho-rang in Bodo. 

 Nam-kha in Tibetan. 

 Nam-khan in Magar, 



Shy. 



For Nam compare Nam-sin. It is 

 frequently omitted. Kha is the 

 place, metaphorically sky or hea- 

 ven. Rang is an' emphatic servile, 

 for which see supplement to this 

 paper. 



m i i • m i u i_ j. i_ f iia, root. Ta, the common prefix, 

 Ta-la-k inTshettshentsL. | ^ K> &e ' wticnlar suffix F 



{Doubtful, and can mean sky only 

 metaphorically. 



Means sun. 



f Ta, as before. Ang, a form of the 

 \ na suffix. Compare Pett-ang. 



Means air. 



Ta-li in Georgian. 

 A-li in Georgian. 



Ta-la-k in Ostiac. 

 Ta-li-ang in Lepcha. 



Ta-li in Gyarung. 



Le in Burmese. 

 A-li in Kumi. 



K'li in Khyeng. 

 Ga-li in Kami. 

 La-k in Sak. 

 Li in Kukheng. 



f The nude root whereof the phases 

 I are la, le, li. 



f Valuable illustrations of the system 



of serviles, the root being palpa- 



< ble. Its general sense is air, sky, 



by metaphor. For K' prefix of 



[_ Kli, see K'mari. 



f ZM, So, Za, are three conjunct suffix 

 forms of the Sa particle which is 

 seen in Manyak in its separate 

 unaltered form as a prefix. Here 

 it is altered, 1st, by dropping its 

 own harmonised vowel (see Zhi, 

 infra), 2nd, by absorbing the 

 vowel of the root. Din, Den, for 

 Di-ni, day, and Sme for Seme 

 girl, are parallel instances of 

 change as of transposition are 

 Mi-sa and Sa-mi,f voce man. See 

 note below ? and that on the Ma 

 particle, voce ' Day.' 



* It is because the 3rd personal is so perpetually identical with the demonstra- 

 tives, of which the direct and exclusive principle is contrast, that the same elements 

 come to express the contrasts of place and time and manner (here there j now 

 then ; as, so.) He who would trace the remoter affinities of race, must treat lan- 

 guages in this thoughtful manner. 



f Note. The Mi-sa, Sa-mi, sample of transposition of the Sa particle, cited above 

 to match the Me-se, Georgian, Sa-me, Manyak, sample here compared with it, is 



Fire. — Mizh in Suanic = Mi- 



Mse in Georgian = Me-se 

 Mza in Absne == Ma-za. 



