1853.] On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. 



43 



Ma-ni in Kami. 



Nyinia in Tibetan. 



Nyi-m in Lepcha. 

 JNa-ni in Dhimali. 



Nyi-ti-ma* in Dhimali. 



Snyi in Gyarung. 



Pish-nyi in Gyarung. 

 Sos-nyi in Gyarung. 



Night. — Ak-sa in Osetic. 



K'she-r in Armenian. 



Seri in Mingrelian. 



T'sha-n in Tibetan. 

 Che-n spoken Tibetan 



\ in Lepcl 



Kii-sen 

 Sen-dik 



i a., 



Sen-li in Takpa. 



The meaning here being simply 

 day from the M root ma must 

 be a servile, no more affecting 

 the sense of the root than the 

 ka, da, and sa prefixes in Dini, 

 Kani and Sini. 



fHere the ma particle becomes a 

 < suffix, and, as before, without 

 ( touching the sense of the root. 



Ma suffix conjunct — ma in the pre- 

 ceding word. Seems conjunct in 

 Tsari chim, voce water. 



Means then. JSTa, servile. 



Ti, and Ma, both servile differential. 



For ma suffix, see Chi-m, voce 



water, Si-ma, voce tree, &c. For 



ti suffix, see Purti, voce bird, Bi-t, 



^ voce cow, &Q, 



Sa prefix, conjunct. 



f Mean respectively to-day and yes- 

 | terday. 



f Ak servile as in Akra, voce horn. 

 \ Sa root = Sha, Tibetan. 



K prefix = Ak, and the final r, 

 the common ra particle, con- 

 junct. 



{Ei suffix, servile, = r in Ksher. 

 See supplement. 



Initial t' and final n serviles. 



Final n servile. 



{Kii prefix and Dik suffix serviles. 

 Se root. 



Li servile, as in Che-li, Georgian, 

 voce hand, and Kue-li, Surawar, 

 voce hand. 



* Mani compared with Nyima and Nyitima afford further illustrations of the 

 rule of transposition already illustrated from the Mse and Sameh instance, voce 

 fire, as well as from the Misa and Sami sample, voce man. In fact no law of these 

 languages can be more certain than this of transposition, passing frequently into 

 substitution (of servile for root), of which also we have seen various instances. 

 The rationale is that every element is, in general, equally available in a primary or 

 secondary sense, though there will of course be exceptions if the view be narrowed 

 to one or two of the tongues, and more especially if these be regarded merely in 

 statu quo. 



G 2 



