1853.] On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. 63 



the very name of the race (0-si*),like that of the Georgians (Swan), 



proves their Tartaric progeniture, these names being significant, and 



significant in the special mode in use among the Tartar races. How 



Bopp could contend for the Arian origin of a race styling themselves 



Swan, and go to Sanscrit for Georgian etymologies, I am the more 



surprised, as Swan in Sanscrit means Dog, and we can hardly suppose 



that the Georgians or any other people would call themselves Dogs, 



though their neighbours might so compliment them. Not to travel 



however beyond pronouns, I may mention that I have a long list of 



Mongolian equivalents for the Caucasian pronouns, and that, for 



instance, the Ma root in all its phases (Ma, Mi, Mo, Mu,) and in both 



its senses (nominal and pronominal) will be exactly matched by a 



long series of Tartaric equivalents. Nor are the so called inflections 



or declensional signs, less Tartaric than the roots ; for instance i or 



ni for the genitive ; an, ang, nang for the dative case ; the i being 



Tibetan, Takpa, Horpa, &c. ; the ni, Mongol, Mantchu, Turki, Bodo ; 



the an or ang, nan or nang, Dhimali, Turki, Ouigur, <fec. Here is a 



sample. 



Pronoun I. 



Ouigur. Osetic. 



K Ma, Ma-n, Ma, Ma-n 



G. Ma-ni-ng, Ma-ni. 



In Ouigur the first na suffix is often dropt in the dative, and the 

 second, reiterated ; and thus we have Mangge for Ma nang. Both 

 changes are thoroughly consonant to the genius of these tongues, 

 and are in perfect harmony with the alternative nominative form 

 Ma, or Ma-n. The n final is here simply emphatic, and is the con- 

 junct form of the na suffix. All these particles, in either their ser- 

 vile or radical character and function, may be used conjunctly and 

 disjunctly, that is with or without their vowel ;f and all may be also 



* See the note in the sequel on words with the O' and Si roots, O-as, 

 O-su-ri, O-zu-r-ka, &c. 



t Here are some examples, k' ma-ri man in Georgian, ka-mi, man in 

 kami : Mu-rii, man in Sunwar, M-ru man in Mru (root, ma, mi, mu) : M-za, 

 fire in Absne, Mi-za, fire in Avar (root mi) : S-me girl in Horpa, Sa-me" girl in 



