1853.] On the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians. 73 



find abundant instances of such supersession alike among the Cau- 

 casian and the Mongolian tongues, as Ma, Ma-fa, Fa, fire ; Bi, Di-bi, 

 Di, skin ; Sa, Ba-sa, Ba, Cow ; and many more for which I must refer 

 to the forthcoming analysed list of vocables. 



"With regard to Mongolian equivalents for the radicals 17, I' and 

 Ta, in the sense of He, the 3rd personal, the subjoined enumeration 

 must suffice at present. 



U, Circassian, = u in Garo ; u in Sontal ; ; (6e) in Magyar ; O' 

 in Ouigur and Turki ; Wo in Newari ; Wa in Gyari'mg, in Dhimali* 

 and in Tunglhu. I', Circassian, = I', in Mantchu ; I' in Sontal ; I', 

 in Burmese, (this) ; E ; , in Magyar (0'e) ; E', in Kalmak ; E', in Lazig ; 

 I'-s, in Georgian ; I'-se in Magar ; I'-tu in Tagalan. Ta Circassian, = 

 Te, in Mongol ; Te, in Mantchu ; Ta, in Esthonian ; Ta, in Chinese ; 

 Tha, in Gyami ; Thi, in Gurung ; The, in Murmi ; Thii, in Burmese. 



If, again, we take the Circassian u* i as one root and word, we 

 have parallels for it in the Magyar 6e, similarly taken, and in all 

 the wa roots should we read wi, (w for u). 



With regard to the Gyarung wa tu, which I have compared with 

 the Circassian u i changing in composition to ta, it is very important 

 to observe that if wa tu and u i be considered as compounds of two 

 synonymous roots, according to the above detailed exposition of 



* The perfect agreement of the Circassian and Dhimali in regard to the singular 

 of the 3rd personal, u being he, in both tongues, renders the proximate agreement 

 of the perplexing plural, u-bert and u-bal, very interesting. I have tried fhe ana- 

 lysis in several ways but have not succeeded to my own satisfaction : but I submit 

 the following. 



U-ba-rt = they = he and he ; one he being the u above elucidated, and the 

 other, a synonymous ba, be, bi, root such as Bi actually is in Bodo : rt, servile ; 

 the ra and ta suffixes conjunct. 



U'-ba-l = they = he and he, as before. The juxtaposition of the Bodo and 

 Dhimal tribes renders the adoption of the Bi root from Bodo likely in this instance. 



It is however a word and root widely diffused and used as a noun and pronoun 



also. Final 1', servile. The Suanic Al, he ; and the Ouigur and Turki 01, 



he and 01-ar, they, are very suggestive, as also the Turkish and Ouigur Bi, and 

 the Sokpo Bu in Abu, with all the numerous words for man having the Bi root, 

 as Bi-shi, juvenis, alike in Turki and in Bodo. Nominal and pronominal roots are 

 so apt to coincide that I have a long list of coincident roots for Ego = Homo : for 

 instance the Mi root, and Ta root and Sa root, and Ba root. 



L 



