140 Sifdn and Horsok Vocabularies. [No. 2. 



however, the bridge is not flat but raised into a wide, low arch : 

 Width great there and spreading into an expanded fleshy termina- 

 tion with broad alae and large round nostrils. Mouth large and sa- 

 lient, yet good. Lips moderate and closed, and teeth vertically set, 

 and very fine in shape and colour. Chin pretty good, not retiring, 

 nor yet projecting, flush with the teeth and somewhat squared as 

 also the large jaws. Ears large and loose. Figure good with head 

 well set on ; neck sufficiently long ; chest deep and wide, and well 

 made hands and feet. Hair worn plaited into a pig tail. Ears 

 bored, but declaredly contrary to the custom of his country, and not 

 distended. A very Chinese face and figure, and belonging to one 

 who has in his character a deal of the shrewdness tending to knavery 

 that marks the Chinaman. 



No. IV. — The Manyaker is 40 years old, and bears the euphonious 

 name of I'drophuncho. He is a native of Bakho, six days south of 

 Tachindo, and by profession a Gelling or mendicant friar ; and a cross 

 made ugly fellow he is, as one could wish to see, with round shoulders 

 and short neck, but stout and good tempered exceedingly ; and, more- 

 over, accomplished in reading, writing, drawing and carving like most 

 of the regular troops of Lamaism to which corps he belongs, though 

 to the heterodox branch of it, or Bonpo sect, called by him Beunpo 

 or Peunpo, and which he has enabled me to say is no other than 

 Tantrika Buddhism, or what is commonly called Shamanism.* This 

 very interesting and important discovery I therefore make no apolo- 

 gy for inserting here though it be somewhat out of place ; and, as I am 

 digressing, I may as well add that to confound the Lamas with the 

 Gelungs, as Hue and Gabet invariably do, is a worse error than it 

 would be to confound the Brahmans with the Pandits in India. To 

 return to my friend I'dro, whose shaven head has afforded me a se- 

 cond excellent opportunity for closely examining the cranial charac- 

 ters of these races, I proceed to note that he is a man of moderate 

 height (5-4-0), but strongly made with large bones and plenty of 

 muscle, but no fat. Colour, a pale pure whitey brown. No trace of 



* In saying that Shamanism is nothing but Tantrika Buddhism I speak most 

 advisedly and fully aware of the opinions I oppose. That the Bonpo also are 

 Buddhists there can be no doubt and my friend Idro's statements and drawings 

 show that his sect follow the Gyut or Tantras which, though canonical, are in bad 

 odour, aud have been so since the Gelukpa reform. A Bonpa and a Moslem are alike 

 odious to the orthodox in Tibet, though the Bonpas have many Viharsof high name 

 and date all over the country. 



