150 



Sif&n and Horsok Vocabularies. 



[No. 2. 



Vocabularies of Sif&n and of 



English. 



Thochu. 



Sokpd. 



Gydmi. 



Strike 



Da-gatck 



Chhok ka 



Ta 



Kill 



fa-seli 



>> 



Sa 



Bring 



Dzi-la 



Ahba-thira 



La-le 



Take away 



Doukwa 



A'hba-chhi 



La-chhe 



Lift up 



Ta-cki 



Wura 



Mayu 



Put down 



Kwaksh 



Caret 



Caret 



Hear 



Kokshustan 



Sunii 



Thyen 



Understand 



A'khchan 



Hariya 



Sya 



Tell, relate 



Kurr 



Khala 



Shr6 



Note. — The orthography is in general that sanctioned by the 

 society and commonly used by me, but there are a few deviations ne- 

 cessitated by the peculiar articulation of these races whose gallic j 

 and u are of incessant recurrence ; I have represented the former 

 sound by zy and the latter by eu. Both sounds are found in the 

 French word jeu. The system of tones or accents, so important for 

 discriminating the many otherwise-identical roots in these tongues, 

 there is no practicable method of doing justice to. But I have mark- 

 ed the chief one, or abrupt final, by an underscored h, thus h. In 

 Thochu and in Horpa, the h, kh, and gh, have often, nay gene- 

 rally, a harsh Arabic utterance. I use the short vague English a, and 

 e, as in cat, yet, for their common equivalents in these tongues, but 

 u has always the oo sound, whether short or long. It so occurs in 

 English though rarely, as in put, pudding. The continental (European) 

 and eastern system of the vowels is that pursued, and the long sound 

 of each is noted by accent superscribed. It is the common vocalic 

 system, the English being wholly beside the mark. T is always a con- 

 sonant. It blends with many others to give them a sliding sound as 

 in the zy, above instanced. It gives S the sound of Sh, as in the 

 Syan of (Shan) tribe's name. It must never be made a vowel, a 

 l'anglaise, for that makes monosyllables dissyllabic and totally 

 changes the proper sound of words. The same as to W, which 

 we English are however more familiar with. From e, I make the 

 diphthong ai ; from a that of au ; from d that of ou, sounded as in 

 aye aye, hawfinch, how ; which, with the gallic eu (beurre heurre), 

 are invariably diphthongs, each with a single blended sound. If two 

 vowels come together and require separate utterance, the latter is 



