1853.] 



Sifdn and Horsoh Vocabularies. 



151 



Northern and South-eastern Tibet. 



Gydrung. 



Ta-tup 



Na-se 



Ko-pet 



Di-ckang 



Ta-yok 



Na-tok 



Kar-nyou 



Ti-sen 



Ta-chen 



Harp a. 



Nazbi 



Dunga 



Ta-she 



Sota 



Wii-khye 



Rota 



Wum-be 



Kkor 



Rang-ke. Rkazi 



Longna 



Bale 



Nina 



Wul min 



Nyan 



Sam tencliu 



Sem 



Ta-yin. Nap-she 



Syat 



Talcpa. 



Many ah. 



Dan-tha 



Na-sya 



Trulke 



Tuyu < 



Da-chi 



Wuchi 



Kkabe ni 



Najinje 



Thai-dyu 



superscribed with a double dot, as dai. I have marked off the pre- 

 fixes (tir-mi, man, see Gryarting column) to facilitate access to the 

 root and comparison on a large scale such as that lately employed 

 to illustrate ethnic affinities. This and the like marking off of the 

 suffixes will be a great aid to those who wish to make such compari- 

 sons without knowledge of these languages. But the procedure is 

 hardly correct since the root and its prefix in particular are apt to 

 be blended in utterance by transfer of the accent (mi, tir-mi) and 

 since the sense also of the roots is occasionally as dependant (though 

 in a different way) on that of their prefixes, as it is in regard to the 

 prepositions of the Arian tongues (tir-mi, man; ti-mi, fire). Never- 

 theless these important particles are liable to a large range of muta- 

 tion, synonymous as well as differential, merely euphonic as well as 

 essential, whilst some of the tongues use them very amply, and 

 others very rarely. Add to these features the infixes and the suf- 

 fixes, with the occasional change of place and function between all 

 these, and you have before you the causes of the differences of these 

 languages which are often so operative as to merge their essential 

 affinity and make it indiscernible except by those who, knowing the 

 roots, can pursue them and the servile portions of the vocables 

 through their various metamorphoses and transpositions.* 



* Compare in Tibeto-Himalayan and Indo-Chinese series, as follows : 



Day. — Nyi-ma, Ma-ni, Nye-n-ti, Nhi-ti-ma, Sak-ni. Root Nyi. 



Eye. — A-mik, Mi-do, Mi-kha. Ta-i-myek, Mye-t-si. Root Mig. 



Dog. — Khi-cha, Ko-chu, Choi-ma, Khwe, Ta-kwi, Ka-zeu. Root Khyi. 



Ripe. — Kas-sman, Mhai-ti, Mhin, Min-bo. Root sMin. 



Sour. — Kuch-chur, Kyur-bo, Da-chu. Root sKyur. 



Hear. — Khep-che, Nap-sye, Ta-che-n. Root She. 



These are extreme cases perhaps of mutation ; but they are therefore all the 

 better adapted to illustrate nay meaning ; and links enough will be found in the 

 vocabularies to bind them surely together. B. H. H. 



