236 Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. [No. 3. 



greatest length being from east to west. It receives the drainage from 

 the various hills around, and also a small stream of fresh water 

 which enters it at its West end near the village of Kuhar. Its depth 

 no where exceeds three or four feet, and its margin is formed of 

 black fetid mud, outside which is a thick saline incrustation produc- 

 ed by the evaporation of its water. Its saline ingredients seem 

 derived from salt springs, which issue from a mass of marl at its 

 S. W. end. Its water is a strong brine, but owing to the constant 

 drainage into it, after rains, of fresh water, it never reaches a point 

 of concentration sufficient to admit of salt being deposited in the 

 bottom of the lakes. After any heavy rains and when its surface- 

 level is considerably raised, a portion of its water finds an exit by a 

 nullah at its N. "W. corner, which joins a small stream called Nunva 

 in the hills to the north. This periodical overflow also assists in 

 preventing the concentration of the water. It appears to contain 

 no fish, but it is a favourite resort of ducks and other water-fowls. 



Beyond Kuhar on to Pyle, the district becomes more hilly and 

 only occasional patches of cultivation are to be seen. Here the 

 Range, which to the eastward does not exceed ten or twelve miles in 

 breadth, becomes narrow ; but soon rapidly expands into a mass of 

 hills which at their broadest point, North of Jubbee, is probably 

 not less than eighteen miles. 



Among these are several cultivated valleys, the principal of which 

 are those of Khubakkie and Lone Lihesur. The former presents 

 nothing remarkable, except that after heavy rain, one or two small 

 lakes form in its lower parts. 



The Lone Lihesur valley is about twelve miles long, and three 

 broad and is inland, between two ridges of limestone hills. It is 

 for the most part under rich cultivation, and in the hot weather has 

 the reputation of being as cool as Cashmere. At its west end is a 

 great salt lake called " Sumundur," three miles long by one and 

 a half broad, and beyond it mount Lihesur, the highest point of the 

 Salt Range, attains an elevation of about 5000 feet above the sea level. 

 Here the central district of the Range may be said to end, its sum- 

 mit forming a ridge on to the Indus. 



The Salt Lake or Sumundur (sea) is in every way similar to the 

 one of Kullur Kuhar, but as far as we are aware, receives no perma- 



