1853.] Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. 263 



ripple markings on their surface, and hence we may safely conclude 

 that it has been formed on a beach on which water has ebbed and 

 flowed. 



Eain-drop-markings similar to the above, have been noticed by 

 Sir Charles Lyell in the states of Massachusetts and Connecticut in 

 red sandstone of Triassic age. 



In all the shales and in most of the sandstones of this series, 

 magnesia prevails, and hence but few fossils occur, those that we have 

 observed being confined to argillaceous sandstones in the immediate 

 neighbourhood of calcareous beds, which are generally free of magne- 

 sia impregnation. 



c. Upper Limestone. 



The two preceding divisions of the carboniferous series are very 

 distinctly marked wherever it is extensively developed, but east of the 

 Indus there are few localities where the upper limestone is well 

 seen. It forms the summit of the Zinnanee Hill above Chederos 

 (see table No. 8) which is upwards of 1,900 feet above the plain. 

 Here, in mineral character, it is undistinguishable from the more 

 crystalline varieties of the lower limestone, and abounds in encrinites 

 and brachiopoda. About ten miles further west in the Bukhh 

 Ravine which intersects the Salt Eange between Nummaal and Moo- 

 sakhail a grey limestone of a hard and cherty character occurs in a 

 similar position, but, as far as we are aware, devoid of fossils. Its 

 lower beds assume the character of a very fine grained sandstone, 

 and rest on a yellow argillaceous limestone of very fine grain, similar 

 to some lithographic limestones. This limestone dissolves in acid 

 with the separation of a considerable quantity of yellow mud, and its 

 solution yields indication of the presence of a small quantity of 

 magnesia : a few indistinct indications of fish scales were noticed 

 in it. 



On the Zinnanee Hill, the upper limestone is purely calcareous, 

 and dissolves rapidly in muriatic acid, with the separation of a very 

 small quantity of yellow mud. That of the Bukhh Kavine, however, 

 dissolves slowly, and in its solution magnesia may be detected by 

 the usual tests. 



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