1853.] Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. 347 



From its large amount of ash the Kathee coal is of inferior quali- 

 ty and in burning would yield a quantity of clinker. If it could be 

 got in quantities it would, however, be valuable, as it burns freely 

 notwithstanding the large quantity of earthy matter it contains. 

 Seams of coal apparently of a very similar character to those in the 

 Salt Eange are described by Sir Eoderick Murchison as associated 

 with nummulite limestone formation in the Alps and Appenines, 

 in a paper published in the quarterly Journal of the Geological 

 Society for 1848. He states that, " in the Brattenberg near Thun, 

 a band of coal is associated with the nummulitie deposit which 

 is now extensively used in the manufacture of gas at Berne. Near 

 Val D'Agno to the south of Pecoaro, seams of coal are worked for 

 use in that neighbourhood which lie in shales which dip away from 

 the older rock, and pass under the adjacent hills of nummulitic 

 limestone. In fact these coal beds occupy the same place as those 

 of Entrevennes in Savoy, of the Diableritz, and of the Brattenberg 

 in the Canton of Berne." "We much regret that no particulars are 

 stated in the invaluable paper from which we have quoted, as to the 

 thickness, mode of working, &c. of the coal seams. 



Petroleum exudes from the nummulite limestone rock in the 

 Kuttawan near the village of Jubba, on the north side of the Salt 

 Eange, ten miles east of the Indus. It occurs but in small quantity, 

 and is collected by a method similar to that employed at the petro- 

 leum springs of Kaffir Kote. It is associated with springs of sul- 

 phureous water, the sulphur of which as well as the petroleum are 

 probably derived from the destructive distillation of the bituminous 

 shales beneath the nummulitic limestone. It here receives the 

 name of Grunduk ka tel (sulphur oil). It is of a dark brown colour, 

 very fluid, and yields on distillation a good deal of Naphtha. 



Besides the numerous springs charged with sulphuretted hydro- 

 gen, and which deposit sulphur on the rocks over which they flow, 

 and on the grass and weeds by their sides, sulphur, in a mineral 

 form, occurs near the surface of the nummulite limestone at Jubba, 

 a little above the petroleum springs, in a white porous gypsum, 

 which has evidently been formed by the decomposition of the lime- 

 stone, unaltered portions of it still remaining imbedded in the gyp- 

 sum. 



