1853.] Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. 357 



of the horn of a species of deer, and teeth probably of a camel or 

 nearly allied animal, besides several large saurian teeth and one 

 large and curved tooth, probably that of some large carnivorous 

 animal ; a portion of the carapax of a Chelonian was also found. 

 The fossils nowhere occur in great abundance, but are everywhere 

 found in the miocene strata between the Jhelum and the Indus. 



The only examples of molluscse which have been detected in con- 

 nection with the above remains, consist of three specimens of pro- 

 bably a species of Unio or Anadonta. These were found in the soft 

 sandstones on the southern side of mount Tillah near the village of 

 Hoon by my assistant, Mr. Theobald. 



The fossil wood formerly alluded to as occurring throughout the 

 strata, is evidently of endogenous structure, and many of the masses 

 appear to have belonged to trees of large size. At Kullar Kuhar, 

 in soft sandstone strata north of the Salt lake, patches of jet occur 

 in small quantity, which are probably carbonized portions of wood, 

 but in these the woody structure is in a great degree obliterated. 



From both the mineral and zoological character of the tertiary 

 strata which we have just described, there can be little doubt that 

 they are merely the western extension of the strata of the Sivalik 

 Range, which in the annals of geology have been rendered famous 

 by the researches of Cautley and Falconer. These strata flank the 

 great Himalaya Range, and from the Sutledge, we believe, may be 

 traced along the north-eastward or hilly districts of the Punjab to 

 the neighbourhood of the Jhelum, where they form a succession of 

 ranges, preserving a general parallelism, running in a S. 8, E. direc- 

 tion towards the plains from the flank of the Punchal Range. 



On the left bank of the Jhelum, opposite the town, they form the 

 Khorian range, and lower down stretch across the river into the 

 Surafar hills which flank the east side of the Chumbal range 

 between Tillah and Jelalpoor. In the neighbourhood of this range 

 the miocene strata dip to the east at an angle of 70°, the dip gradu- 

 ally decreasing as we proceed eastward towards the Jhelum. They 

 extend along the bank of the river to Jelalpoor where, in nearly ver- 

 tical strata on which the town is built, they appear at the foot of the 

 southern escarpment of the Salt Range, having evidently been formed 

 into this position by the upheaval of the older rocks. About half a mile 



2 z 



