1853.] "Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. 359 



On the Kalibagh hill the miocene strata have suffered great dis- 

 turbance, and rest in some places on the salt marl. At this point 

 there is a great amount of nummulite limestone conglomerate at the 

 base of the formation. Along the north side of the hill it appears 

 in normal order, resting on the nummulite limestone, and preserving 

 this relation, stretches round into the Chichalee Eange. On its 

 west side the miocene strata are arranged in regular ridges forming 

 the Chounterah Hills and in the Chichalee Pass, dip with the num- 

 mulite limestone to the north at an angle of 35° . From this to the 

 Kaffir Kote range they occur uninterruptedly and there rest con- 

 formably on the carboniferous rocks dipping to the north-west under 

 the Puncalah Pass, on the west side of which they are elevated into 

 a high ridge which runs parallel to that of Kaffir Kote. 



Along the east side of the Chichalee Eange the same miocene 

 sandstones, &c. occur as on the west side, but much disturbed and 

 evidently overturned in some places during the upheaval of the 

 range, which has thrown them under strata of the older rocks also 

 overturned along with them, on which in a normal order they invari- 

 ably repose. 



Captain Strachey in a paper recently laid before the Geological 

 Society, has described a series of tertiary ossiferous sandstones, &c. 

 which occur on the Thibet plain on the north side of the Himalayas 

 at an elevation of from 14 to 16,000 feet, which most probably are of 

 an identical character with those of the Sivalik and Salt Eanges. 

 These he describes however as " presenting an almost perfectly hori- 

 zontal surface," and resting unconformably on oolitic strata, (appar- 

 ently similar to those of the Salt Eange), from whence he draws the 

 conclusion that the oolitic strata, &c. on which the ossiferous tertiaries 

 rest, have been elevated previous to the formation of the latter, but 

 from the abundance of remains of large mammalia in these, he con- 

 siders that " there can be no doubt that these strata have been ele- 

 vated to their present height from some lower level since the time 

 of their deposition." 



In the Salt Eange, we think, we have obtained sufficient proof that 

 until after the deposition of the miocene sandstones, &c. no sudden 

 or extensive elevatory action had been exerted, and that during their 

 formation, the surrounding country must have been in a condition 



2 z 2 



