1853.] Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. 363 



matter of some importance when wood is scarce. Kunkur, used ex- 

 tensively for the metalling of roads is abundant every where in the 

 alluvial deposit. Irregular beds of it occur in the neighbourhood of 

 Jhelum. 



The organic remains found in the alluvial formation appear to be 

 entirely of a recent character, and to consist of the bones of bullocks, 

 horses, camels, goats, &c. mixed with a few land shells of the genera 

 Physa, Pupa, &c. The extreme scarcity of the bones is very re- 

 markable, considering the number of bones and skeletons every 

 where seen lying on the surface. 



We are not aware that the remains of any large pachyderm ata 

 have been found associated with the above bones. 



As the alluvial strata north of the Salt Range are apparently 

 formed from the debris of the tertiary strata, "gold dust" must 

 occur in these, and, during rain, must be washed into the various 

 streams and water courses. The immense number of boulders of 

 Plutonic, Volcanic and Schistose rocks which occur in the alluvion 

 or drift in the neighbourhood of Mokhudd on the Indus (though 

 identical with those in the miocene conglomerates), may possibly 

 in part be derived from other rocks to the northward which may 

 contain gold. The black slate rocks of Attock if metamorphic or 

 of Lower Siberian or Cambrian age (we have never visited the 

 locality) and invaded by quartz veins, may probably yield gold. 

 Boulders of slate rock, similar to hard specimens we possess from 

 Attock, occur abundantly both in the auriferous miocene (?) as well 

 as drift or alluvial strata between Kalibagh and Mokhudd. As 

 illustrating the statistics of gold in the Punjaub, we may add on the 

 authority of L. Bo wring, Esq. C. S. that in the Jhelum district, 

 which includes all the auriferous ground near the Salt Bange, with 

 the exception of a small corner near the Indus in which Mokhudd 

 is situated, there were in the year 1850, 158 cradles or troons in 

 use for gold washing, which paid to Government an annual tax of 

 Es. 525, from Bs. 2 to 5 being levied on each troon. We can 

 obtain no information as to the yield of gold from each troon ; but 

 when at Mokhudd, in 1848, the Kardar of that place informed me 

 that in 



