368 Report on the Geological Structure of the Salt Range. [No. 4. 



Here a section is exposed of all the strata from the lower carboni- 

 ferous to the miocene beds as in the rough sketch annexed, a fracture 

 extending through all the upper strata and into the upper carboni- 

 ferous formation, the middle and lower beds of which are only sharp- 

 ly curved by the elevatory action, which has, along the line of frac- 

 ture, not only separated the southern from the northern portion 

 of the oolitic and superior strata, but has produced a complete over- 

 turn of the miocene and eocene beds, bringing them under the oolitic 

 and carboniferous formations. The eocene formation seems to have 

 suffered much during the overturn as it is much reduced in thick- 

 ness and is everywhere shivered and contorted. The alum shales 

 too seem to have been squeezed out of the limestone as it were, as 

 no trace of them is to be seen. 



The same anticlinal arrangement of the strata may be traced along 

 the Chichalee Eange to Mittha near the Kurum river, where a 

 scarped ridge of miocene strata forms the range. All along the 

 southern side of the line of fault or fracture in the Salt Eange, the 

 strata have suffered denudation to such an extent as to have remov- 

 ed in most places all traces of rock in situ. 



The effects of the overturning of the strata in the Chichalee 

 Eange are, to a Geologist, often most perplexing, and until we had seen 

 the section as exposed in the Chichalee Pass and to the south, we 

 had difficulty in explaining how shales full of ammonites, belemnites, 

 &c. could possibly occur dipping apparently under carboniferous 

 limestone full of palseozoic fossil, as may be seen above the village 

 of Kalokhail near Kalibagh. 



The upheaval of the Himalayas after the tertiary era and contem- 

 poraneously with the Salt Eange will fully explain the anomalies 

 described by Captain Strachey of tertiary, secondary and palseozoic 

 strata dipping on the south or Indian side of the Himalayas, as it 

 were under the metamorphic schists of the central ridge, while on 

 the northern side they rest upon these in a regular order. 



The researches of Dr. Thomson while engaged on the Thibet Mis- 

 sion, will, we trust, throw light on this interesting subject. A journal 

 of his travels for two years in the northern Himalayas is now, we 

 are happy to know, in course of publication in England. 

 (To be concluded.) 



