1853.] Remarks on the different species of Orang-utan. 373 



slopes but little, whilst in the other it slopes excessively. In the 

 aged specimen the ramus or ascending portion of the lower jaw 

 turns abruptly at a right angle with the alveolar portion, and the 

 coronoid process is little developed, and does not rise to a level with 

 the zygomatic arch ; in the young specimen, the form is more as in 

 Mr. Owen's figure, though less angulated. In this adolescent skull 

 the intermaxillary bones continue strongly demarcated. 



It remains for future observation of additional specimens to deter- 

 mine whether the differences here indicated denote a diversity of 

 species, or whether they may be referred to extraordinary individual 

 variation.* 



" The third distinction of the skulls," continues Sir J. Brooke, 

 "is, that the ridges rising from the frontal bones do not meet, but 

 converge towards the top of the head, and again diverge towards 

 the posterior portion of the skull. These ridges are less elevated 

 than in the first mentioned skulls, but the size of the adult skulls is 

 equal, and both present specimens of aged animals." A wild adult 

 male killed by himself, with huge cheek callosities, proved to possess 

 this form of skull : but Sir J. Brooke erroneously assigns the animal 

 to Pithecus Wuembii apud Owen, in which, as we have seen, the 

 lamdoidal crests unite upon the crown, as they also do in his P. 

 Abelii (here regarded as a mere variety of the same species) ; 

 whereas the Bornean animal of Van Wurmb and the Sumatran 

 animal of Dr. Clarke Abel were of the present race distinguished 

 by the ugly cheek callosities, and to which no special name has 

 been assigned, as the appellations intended for them have been at- 



* I had recently the opportunity of observing a nearly grown living male of 

 what I considered to be Pithecus morio. It had no cheek callosities, and had 

 not developed its hindermost molares. This animal was taken in the ' Hindus- 

 tan' steamer for Suez ; and is, I think, a larger Orang than has hitherto been seen 

 alive in Europe. Before reaching Madras, it escaped from its cage and found 

 its way into the saloon, where it would appear to have been re-captured with some 

 difficulty and to have severely bitten two of its captors. In its cage it seemed 

 quiet and good-tempered, and I handled it freely ; but could not get to see it to 

 much advantage. It appeared to resemble much the adolescent female above 

 described, but was smaller, with larger face, and the expression was as distinctly 

 masculine in the one as feminine in the other. 



3 B 



