1853.] Remarks on the different species of Orang-utan. 377 



Sumatran Orang-utan with the Mias Pappan of Borneo, to which 

 the specific name satyrtts is here proposed to be restricted ; and we 

 have referred Prof. Owen's P. Wttrmbii and P. Abelii to the Mias 

 Pambi of Borneo, which also should therefore be common to the two 

 islands. The small P. horio, so far as hitherto known, is peculiar 

 to Borneo ; and it now remains to ascertain whether there be not 

 two small species confounded under this, two small as well as two 

 large species of these animals. It is only recently that a great and 

 a small species of Chimpanzee have likewise been discriminated and 

 completely established by Prof. Owen and Dr. Kneeland.* 



The three Bornean species of Orang of Sir J. Brooke (at least 

 two of which would appear likewise to inhabit Sumatra) are more 

 different from each other in the appearance of the adult skull than 

 the Lion, Tiger, and Leopard are among cats ; yet with the excep- 

 tion of the bony ridges, which in the morio are merely indicated 

 (exhibiting the direction which they assume in the Mias Pappan), 

 I have been unable to detect any difference of structure between 

 the skulls of the two great species which may denote other than 

 slight individual variation. In general, the form and size of our 

 Mias Pappan skull are intermediate to those of our (Sumatran) 

 male and (Bornean) female Mias Pambi skulls ; and the nasal orifice 

 of the former is comparatively small. But how slight is the differ- 

 ence between the skulls even of the Lion and Tiger among cats, — 

 confined to a straighter profile on the part of the Lion, and to the 

 fact that the nasals extend back beyond the suture of the maxillaries 

 in the Tiger skull, while they fall short of that suture in the Lion 

 skull !f 



* Vide Trans. ZooL Soc. Ill, 381, and Ann. Mag. N. H., July, 1852, 

 p. 23 et seq. 



f An analogous diversity perhaps exists in the skulls of the Mias Rambi and 

 Mias Pappan, which, if it prove constant, will be of service in enabling us to 

 determine to which of these species immature skulls shewing large permanent 

 molars should be referred. In our adult male and female Mias Rambi heads, and 

 also in one juvenile skull taken from a stuffed specimen of a half grown male 

 without a sign of cheek-callosities in our museum, the united nasal bones extend 

 upward to the summit of the glabella between the supra-orbital ridges ; whereas in 

 our Mias Pappan skull, and also in both (species ?) of our Mias Kassar, the united 

 nasal boues extend upward but little beyond the maxillary suture, and the same in 



