378 Remarks on the different species of Orang-utan. [No. 4. 



From the form of the pelvis, and from the inferior longitudinal 

 extent of the molar series as compared with that of the lower jaw of 

 Dr. Clarke Abel's Sumatran male Pappan, also from the inferior 

 size of the hand and foot as compared with these members in 

 Dr. Abel's specimen, I have considered the skeleton of a Pappan 

 now presented by Mr. Nicholls to be that of a female animal ; but 

 not without considerable hesitation.* "We have no male pelvis of an 

 adult Orang for comparison ; but two of undoubted females of the 

 small species, and one of these (that of the animal which passed its 

 life in close captivity) is singularly narrow, and probably differs 

 little from a male pelvis. The skeletons of adult Mias Bamli and 

 of adult of the small Chimpanzee figured by Prof. Owen in the first 

 Volume of the 'Transactions of the Zoological Society' are also 

 those of females ; and Mr. Owen gives 5 in. 5 1. as the anteropos- 

 terior diameter and 4 in. as the transverse diameter of the pelvic 

 aperture of his adult female Mias Bamli, the corresponding diameters 

 of the pelvic aperture of our Mias Pappan being 5 in. and 4 in., 

 in our aged female Mias Kassar 4^ and 3^ in., and in our adolescent 

 female with the comparatively short fore-arms 4|- and 1\ in. (!) ; 

 which last are probably the permanent male proportions, to which I 



three immature skulls with large permanent molars in course of development, 

 which should therefore represent the young of the Mias Pappan. 



It remains however to ascertain how far this distinction may prove constant. 

 We have, in all, five stuffed specimens of Orangs, viz. : 1, Dr. Clarke Abel's Sumatran 

 male Pappan, — 2, Mr. Apcar's adolescent female Kassar (?) with short fore-arm, 

 — 3, a young female Kassar (?) with small permanent grinders appearing, and simi- 

 lar proportion of arm and fore-arm to last, — 4, a very young Mias——' ?, — and 

 5, the young male Mias Rambi (?) before referred to. Colour of No. 5 a darkish 

 ferruginous, deepest on the crown, paler and more rufous on the shoulders and 

 back and also the whiskers ; hands and feet small, as in the Mias Kassar. Colour 

 of No. 3, a lightish ferruginous, deepening on the arms, and darkest on the crown 

 and between the shoulders. It would seem that the various species, however dis- 

 tinct in form of skull, are not to be very readily distinguished when prepared as 

 stuffed specimens, unless indeed we had adults of each for comparison. 



* Mr. Nicholls states, in a letter, — " I obtained the skeleton which I sent, 

 through others, and therefore cannot be certain about its sex ; but, if I remember 

 right, it was given me as that of a male Pappan, full grown but not aged, and with 

 a very broad face." 



