1853.] Notes upon a Tour in the SUckim Himalayah Mountains. 623 



Immediately to the west of Gubroo, the rocks dip to the south- 

 west at an angle of 30°. 



The dip of the strata upon the Gubroo ridge being to the south- 

 west, and the northern face of the ridge being nearly precipitous, 

 a great flow of water takes place towards the south, the whole sur- 

 face of the mountain is divided with numerous steppes, each steppe 

 having pools of water resting upon them averaging from one hundred 

 to four hundred yards broad — and many of them surrounded by 

 steep walls of a fine slaty gneiss composed of hornblende, white 

 quartz and felspar ; from these pools there is a constant discharge of 

 icy cold water which flowing away south form the Eungbi river. 



From the crest of the Gubroo range, we could see a yak herd's 

 encampment in the direction of Jongri, or north-east of where we 

 stood, many thousand feet below us and separated by several deep 

 valleys. 

 Kunchinjinga, 28,177 # feet above the sea was 10^ miles distant. 



Pundeem, 22,015* ditto ditto 7 ditto. 



Kubra, 24,004* ditto ditto 3 ditto. 



Nursing, 19,139* ditto ditto 12 ditto. 



Tuchcham, ...14,000 (?) ditto ditto 27 ditto. 



"We were six miles north of Nursing ; this peak from Darjeeling 

 has the appearance of rather a blunt rounded mountain, but from 

 our position it was an exceedingly sharp pointed peak, run into a 

 very fine point. None of the numerous glaciers that abound at the 

 foot of all the great peaks and in the valleys separating them, could 

 be seen, being completely hidden by the sharp slaty ridges above 

 mentioned. 



From the nature of the mountains surrounding Kunchinjinga, 

 I felt convinced that any nearer approach to the great peak would 

 hide him altogether, I therefore determined upon returning. Sit- 

 ting on the ground with a rock to support my back, I with much 

 difficulty, from the pain I was suffering from the rarefaction of the 

 air, took a sketch of the snowy range from the most northerly attain- 

 ed spot in our journey, and having given one more look round this 

 grand and wintry scene, we turned our backs upon the snow and 

 descended to our tents at which we arrived, very cold, at 7 A. M. 



August being the month at which the snow is probably at its 

 * Heights ascertained by Lt. Colonel Waugh, Surveyor General. 



