42 Bibliographical Notes on the Upanishads. [No. 1. 



nishads which were written at the time of the Vedas. Weber 

 opposes this view on the ground, that later tracts, if explanatory 

 of the same doctrine, cannot be excluded, since the term " Upani- 

 shad" is not confined exclusively to the Vedas. Colebrooke's view 

 coincides with the opinion of Hindu authors, and therefore seems 

 to us for this as well as other reasons the preferable one, could we 

 ascertain, which Upanishads are contemporary with the Vedas and 

 which of later origin ; to determine this point, however, in the pre- 

 sent state of our knowledge is not possible. Our only course, 

 therefore, is, preserving the name, " Upanishad" for all, to classify 

 them according to their importance in the sense above pointed out. 

 Dr. Weber divides the Upanishads into the following classes, 



1 . The Upanishads which belong to the three first Vedas, as forming 

 the foundation of the Vedanta system ; with a subdivision into A, 

 such as are found exclusively in those Vedas, viz., the Vashkala, 

 Kaushitaki, Aitareya, Tadeva, S'atarudriya, Chakli, Maitrayani, 

 S'wetas'watara, S'ivasamkalpa, Purushasukta, IVa, Brihadaranyaka, 

 and Chhandogya, and B, into such as also occur in the Atharva Veda, 

 viz. Kena, Katha, Ananda Valli, Bhrigu Valli and Maha Narayaua. 



2. The second class comprises all the Atharva Upanishads referring 

 to the Vedanta system in its entire development, and their order is 

 as follows, a. The Mundaka, Pras'na and Garbha which are pretty 

 closely connected with the former period, and still treat general 

 questions of the Vedanta. b. The second division is made up of 

 such as have a special reference to the topic of the nature of the 

 Atman, as S'arva, Yogas'ikha, Atman, Atmabodha, Tejovindu,Churika, 

 Chulika, Amritanada, Aks'hi. 3. The third division is composed 

 of the Upanishads in which the meditation has become crystalised 

 and is limited to the mystical word "Aum" ex. g. the Dhyana- 

 vinduj Yogotattwa, Atharvas'ikha, Hansanada, Brahmavidya, Man- 

 dukya, Taraka, Praria, Saunaka. 4. Closely allied to the former 

 division is the fourth, which treats on the order of the Sanyasi, as 

 Jabala, Paramahansa, Aruneya. 5. The last division includes the 

 sectarian Upanishads, in which the Atman is worshipped as an indi- 

 vidual deity. 



As the more simple course we propose to adopt three divisions, 

 viz., 1. The Upanishads which are referred to by the six orthodox 



