520 Remarks on the different species of Orang-utan. [No. 6. 



tion, as is also the outer cusp of the small accessory molar above. 

 This old female Pappan had been badly wounded in its day ; hav- 

 ing had its left humerus severely fractured, and the fibula of that 

 side also broken ; the fractured bones having healed ; the unset 

 humerus, however, in an extraordinary manner, exhibiting two 

 large and deep perforations in the great lumpy mass of united bone, 

 where suppuration had ensued, and large shot had probably been 

 ultimately discharged from the orifices. 



The seventh skeleton is that of a species altogether distinct and 

 new ! Although that of a large old male, with the cranial sutures 

 much obliterated, and the anchylosis of the epiphyses of its limb- 

 bones complete, it is very remarkable for the comparatively slight 

 protrusion of the jaws, and the consequently increased facial angle ; 

 apparently, however, to a greater extent than really, from the flat- 

 ness of the face, the unusually slight protrusion of the sockets of 

 the upper incisors, and, above all, the elevation of the condyle of 

 the lower jaw raising so considerably the occipital portion of the 

 skull and consequently the auditory orifice. The facial angle does 

 not actually exceed 32^° ; while in the two Rambis (male and female) 

 figured in my former memoir, it is as low as 30° — (this being also 

 Prof. Owen's estimate of his adult skulls of the Rambi). The 

 zygomata (or cheek-bones) are unusually prominent. The canines, 

 incisors, and the first three upper molars on each side, are exceed- 

 ingly much worn down by attrition ; the canines even to a level with 

 the other teeth : but the circumference of these canines, especially 

 in the lower jaw, is conspicuously less than in males and even large 

 females of the Rambi and Pappan ; though they are proportionally 

 larger than in the Kassar. It is further remarkable that the 

 frontal ridges of the skull, instead of uniting upon the vertex to 

 form a single sagittal crest (as in the Rambi), or continuing separate 

 and well apart throughout (as in the Pappan), approach to contact 

 upon the vertex but without uniting ; which is very likely to prove 

 a constant and specifical distinction, as the present old male shews 

 much irregular deposition of bone externally to its contiguously 

 double sagittal crest. The long bones of the limbs, though fully 

 as stout as in the Rambi and Pappan, and about twice as stout as 

 those of our old female Kassar, yet probably do not exceed the 



