526 Remarks on the different species of Orang-utan. [No. 6. 



jaw in situ, 11 in. : length, in a straight line, from the summit of 

 orbital cavity to between the incisors, 4£ in. (the same measurement 

 being in the male Rambi 5% in., and in the male Rappan 4f in.) : 

 length from occipital foramen to base of upper incisors 6 in. (in the 

 male Rambi 7-| in., and male Rappan 6f in.) : length of bony palate 

 3 in. (in the others 3f in., and 3f in.) : orbital cavities If by 1|- 

 in. across : extreme width of bony orbits apart externally 5 in. : 

 extreme breadth of ascending ramus of lower jaw 3f in. ; height of 

 the condyle 4f in. ; length of grinding surface of the upper molars 

 2^ in. The skeleton is fortunately nearly perfect. Extreme length 

 of humerus 13| in. ; ulna 14 T \ in. ; femur 10 T \ in. ; tibia 9f in. : 

 circumference of middle of trunk of humerus 3| in. ; of femur 2-f- 

 in. (length and circumference of humerus of old female Kassar 12f 

 and 2^ in. ; ditto of femur 9-f- in. and 2| in.) : length of metacarpal 

 bone of middle finger 3-f- in. ; first phalanx of ditto 2j-f in. ; second 

 1-i-J in. ; metacarpal bone of thumb 2^ in. ; first phalanx \\ in. ; 

 metatarsal bone of middle toe 3^ in. ; first phalanx 2f in. ; second 

 If in. ; metatarsal bone of hallux 2 in. ; clavicle 6J- in. : extreme 

 length of scapula 8f in. : of pelvis 10\ in. ; and breadth at the hips 

 11 in. Length of the vertebral column, from atlas to sacrum, mea- 

 sured internally, 16^ in. ; in the scarcely full grown male JPappan, 

 17| i n -> and in the old female Kassar, 15^ in. : axis- vertebra soldered 

 to the next. As compared with the Rambi and Rappan, the meta- 

 carpals and metatarsals are shorter, and the first phalanges of the 

 fingers and toes are longer.* 



* A friend who has resided long in Borneo, and has examined numerous skulls 

 of Orang-utans (including those which have passed through the hands of Sir J. 

 Brooke), informs me that he has remarked that, in the adult and aged specimens 

 of the Rambi and Pappan, the canines are always perfect ; whereas in those of 

 the small Kassar they are as regularly broken or worn down to about a level with 

 the incisors. This remark is borne out by the series of skulls now under examin- 

 ation. The canines are long and unbroken in all the specimens of the Rambi and 

 Pappan; and are ground down in the old female Kassar, and also in the old male 

 P. curtus ! Denoting probably a difference of food. Moreover, the same gentle- 

 man informs me that different species of these animals do not appear to inhabit 

 the same district ; and he thinks that the P. Owenii represents, in the southern 

 part of the great island, the P. morio of the northern part. 



