1854.] Bibliographical Notice. 179 



of the Belurtag, he travelled through Bactria and "Western and 

 Eastern Kabulistan.* 



" After visiting Kacmira and the kingdoms of "Western and Central 

 India, Hiouen Thsang reached Magadha, the main object of his jour- 

 ney. This country which stands out so prominently in the ancient 

 history of Buddhism, appears to have been then the principal seat of 

 the doctrines of Qakjamuni. Hiouen Thsang found there a great 

 number of sanctuaries and monasteries, in which resided no less 

 than ten thousand monks, distinguished as much by their zeal in 



* An error has crept into the review of Hiouen Thsang's travels (p. LII.) given 

 in the introduction. The river Cubhavastee is not the present river Swan, called 

 Soanos by the ancients, it is the Soastos of the ancients, and a tributary of the 

 Pangkora called by the Indians Suvastu, the present Suwad ; see my Ind. Ant. 

 vol. II. p. 132, No. 2, and p. 669. Therefore the capital of Udjana, called Mung- 

 kie-li by Hiouen Thsang, is not identical with Mougheti, which is situated N. E. of 

 Attok on the road to Muzaffarabad. Hiouen Thsang confirms my former view that 

 Udjana is situated on the Suwad. It appears from page 84, that he proceeded 

 from Purushapura or Peshawur over a large river which must be the Cabul river, 

 to Pusbkalavati the Peukelsetis of the ancients, and thence to the town of Utakhan- 

 da, which according to his account was situated opposite to Attok, though the 

 modern name of Attok is clearly derived from it. Hence he continued his jour- 

 ney over mountains and valleys in a Northerly direction and came to Udjana. The 

 distance of eight hundred li's, equal to about thirty geographical miles, is not too 

 great if we consider that the road followed the windings of the valleys at foot of 

 the mountains, which divide the Indus from the Suwad. As an additional proof, 

 we may mention that the name of the capital of Udjana is preserved in that of the 

 village Mangalthan in the Yusufzye country (see Account of the Esafzai-Affghans 

 inhabiting Sama (the plains,) Swat, Bunher and the Chamla valley, &c. By 

 Shekh Khash Alee, in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Vol. XIV. 

 p. 738.) In the enumeration of the Yusufzye tribes, their villages and chiefs, the 

 tribe of the Buner-valley is called the tribe of Sirdar Futteh Khan ; that the 

 inhabitants of the Buner-valley are meant by this designation is clear for the 

 countries of the other three tribes are distinctly stated in the notes on the Yusuf- 

 zye-tribes of Afghanistan by the late Captain Edward Conoly. — Ibid. IX. p. 924, 

 Futteh Khan is mentioned as a powerful chieftain of the Yusufzyes, whose authority 

 is also acknowledged in the valleys of the Suwad and Buner. The last named 

 ■valley is situated east of the sources of the Suwad. According to Hiouen Thsang 

 p. 86, the capital of Udjana was situated 250 li or about 10^ geo. miles south- 

 west from the sources of the Cubhavastee and therefore probably at the entrance of 

 the Buner-valley from the Suwad-valley, Mangalthan is a corruption of Manga- 

 lasthana, the abode of delight; the ancient name was probably Mangala, delightful. 



