1854.] 



Gradus ad Aornon. 



333 



By 1st and 2nd 



Routes. 



By Arrian. 



Koinos sent to be- Attalos, and Alketos 

 siege Baja, the ruined sent to besiege Ora 

 fort of which still re-|(tyoa.) 

 mains on a hill near 

 the present village, see 

 the Eusofzye country 

 near the Indus. 



Alketos Demetrius 

 and Attalos sent to 



besiege Ora, i. e. either around it a wall, de 

 the ancient Oond, of 

 which the old sites are 

 still called Oora ; or 

 Ooria an old fort 

 strongly sited N. east 

 of Gunduf. The peo- 

 ple of Baja flee to the 

 mount Mahabunn. 



Hephaistioon and 

 Perdikkas fortify Ara- 

 butt (ruins still exist 

 ing) to protect the 

 ferry of the Loondi or 

 Koopheen river. 



Koinos sent to be- 

 siege Bazira, builds 



scribed as on a height 

 and very strong. 



Baziroi flee to Aor- 

 nos. 



Hephaistioon and 

 Perdikkas fortify the 

 town Orobatis. 



By 3rd Route. 



of the Seh Bhoochnia 

 adjoining that of the 

 Assazye. 



Attalos and Alketos 

 sent to Oond. 



Koinos sent to be- 

 siege Baja in the Eu- 

 sufzye. 



Alexander visits the 

 Indus and having tak- 

 en Peukela by sur- 

 render, inserts a Mace- 

 donian garrison under 

 Philip. 



Appoints governors 

 over the countries bor- 

 dering the Indus. 



Alexander marches 

 to Embolima, a town 

 sited near Aornos. 



Baziroi flee to Mt. 

 Mahabunn. 



The ruins of Arabutt 

 exist on the left bank 

 of the Loondi river 

 near JNowashihr. It 

 was no doubt fortified 

 and garrisoned to keep 

 open the ferry or 

 bridge of boats con- 

 necting Peshawur with 

 the Eusufzye. 



The capture of Ba- 

 zira or Baja set Al- 

 exander free to visit 

 Peshawur, called still 

 Pekawur. 



This certainly gives 

 the impression that in 

 marching from Pesha- 

 wur to Embolima, Umb 

 Balima, he went up 

 the Indus. Umb is 

 still on the right bank 

 of the Indus at the 

 highest point acces- 

 sible to an army, and 

 2 Y 



