1854.] A Sketch of the Mahomedan History of Cashmere. 455 



riod he had amassed two crores of rupees (£2,000,000) extorted from 

 the unhappy country ; he left his brother (A. D. 1818,) Jubbar Khan 

 as Naib and proceeded to Kabool, to the assistance of his eldest bro- 

 ther Futteh Khan, at that time a prisoner in the hands of the Sud- 

 dozyies. He was, however, too late to prevent that high-spirited 

 chieftain from being foully assassinated in the presence of (and by 

 order of) the Shah. It does not fall to our province to trace the 

 future career of Azim Khan : He subsequently became ruler of 

 Kabool, when, misunderstandings occurring betwixt himself and 

 Dost Mahomed Khan his younger brother, whose force of character 

 he appears never to have fully recognized, he allowed, by his own 

 indecision of character, the golden moments of opportunity to pass, 

 and died of a broken heart 1823 A. D. 



Jubbar Khan being left as Naib of Cashmere, (A. D„ 1818,) 

 evinced every disposition to govern well, and carried on his govern- 

 ment with mercy and equity for the space of six months. After his 

 unsuccessful invasion of Cashmere in the year 1814 A. D., Eunjeet 

 Singh had occupied himself in repairing the losses sustained by his 

 arms, in punishing the hill Eajahs, and other allies of Azim Khan 

 this side the Pir Pinjal ; to whom he mainly attributed his repulse. 

 At length in the spring of 1819 A. D., encouraged by his recent 

 success against Mooltan, and instigated by Dewan Misr Chund 

 and other advisers, he collected an army as numerous " as ants and 

 locusts," (lit.) and invaded Cashmere a second time. Taught by 

 former reverses, Eunjeet Singh now adopted every precaution to 

 ensure success ; he divided his army into three divisions ; the 

 "advance" under Misr Dewan Chund; the "support" under 

 Prince Khurruk Singh; and the "reserve" under Eunjeet himself. 

 By the month of June 1819, the Dewan had occupied Eajoorie, 

 Poonch, and all the hills this side of the Pir Pinjal ; and on the 

 23rd by a simultaneous attack carried the positions of the Eajahs of 

 those two states, who covered the passes : (A. D. 1819). At the 

 same time Khurruck Singh's support occupied Poonch and Eajoorie. 

 Meantime, the Cashmere governor Jubbar Khan, made some show 

 of resistance ; he advanced in person as far as Heerpore, and sent 

 forward troops to close the pass ; but his arrangements for defence 

 were ill-concerted, as he allowed Dewan Misr Chund to turn his 



