4G4 



Notes on the Topography of Murree. 



[No. 5. 



minor gorges on the mountain side that have already been described, 

 around the upper portion of which the road winds. 



In those cases where the dip of strata has been various, it has 

 been represented in the sketch, and with reference to the figures, it 

 will be immediately discovered how very great a variety of modern 

 sandstone and argillaceous deposits is displayed in this short 

 section. 



Smaller ravines how formed. — As might be expected, the smaller 

 ravines are formed in the softer substances, such as Nos. 6, 12, 14, 

 and 15 ; the harder materials noted by the other figures forming 

 promontories on the hill face around which the road at such parts is 

 made to bend. 



Serrated appearance of Hills. — It would appear as if different 

 portions of the above line of strata had been subjected to various 

 degrees of elevating force, so that the summit of the hill which they 

 form has an irregular serrated appearance as shown underneath. 



Pig. 3. 



Causes which give rise to this. — This may, however, be accounted 

 for by another series of causes, for although the harder strata do in 

 reality appear to have been originally more violently upheaved than 

 the softer materials, it must be borne in mind that the compressi- 

 bility of the latter would have a considerable influence in modifying 

 the extent to which parts formed of these would become raised. It 

 is also evident that the elements would more readily triturate away 

 valleys in the softer substances than in hard rock such as the grey 

 and ferruginous sandstone, so that the gorges marked in Fig. 3, 

 respectively 1 , 2 and 3, correspond with the portions of the section 

 marked 6, 12, 14 and 15, in Fig. 2. 



