1854.] Notes on the Geology of the Punjab Salt Bange. 651 



Notes on the Geology of the Punjab Salt Bange, by W. Theobald, 

 Junr. Assistant, Geological Survey of India, late of the Punjab 

 Geological Survey. 



The present paper was originally written upwards of three years ago, but 

 has been subsequently revised and curtailed owing to the prior publication of 

 two papers on the same subject, one, a sketch drawn up by Sir R. Murchison from 

 private letters of Dr. Fleming, which appeared in the Quarterly Journal of the 

 Geological Society for August, 1853, and the other the official report of Dr. Flem- 

 ing, published in the As. Soc. Journ. Nos. 3, 4 and 5 of 1853. From the great 

 discrepancy between these papers, it is certain that the sketch in the Quarterly 

 Journal was published without the knowledge or consent of Dr. Fleming, the 

 theory therein advocated of the eruptive origin of the saliferous rocks, being aban- 

 doned in favour of the more mature and correct views set forth in his report to Go- 

 vernment. This explanation is due to Dr. Fleming, who in the present instance may 

 well complain of the inconsiderate zeal of his friends at home in his behalf. — W. T. 



Before proceeding to describe the Geology of the range, it will, I 

 think, be convenient to give a brief sketch of it? physical features 

 and general appearance, particularly as such in a great measure 

 depend on peculiarities in Geological structure. The salt range, 

 which forms as it were a barrier across the upper part of the Sind- 

 Sagur Doab, may be described as a regular and nearly continuous 

 chain of hills, with an included table-land in parts, stretching from 

 the vicinity of Jhilum to Mari on the Indus, a distance of 120 miles 

 in a straight line. A line drawn from Jhilum to Mt. Sakesa, the 

 highest point in the range, nearly indicates the centre of the range 

 between these points, a distance of 104 miles, and bears magneti- 

 cally 254°. Iroin Mt. Sakesa to Mari on Indus, the distance is 35 

 miles and the range here makes a sharp bend, the magnetic bearing 

 of this portion of it being 323°. These two lines of bearing includ- 

 ing an angle of 69 degrees, are evidently the result of those forces 

 which originally elevated the range, and the regularity of the up- 

 heaval is such, that the three principal hills, namely, Tilla, Karingli 

 and Sakesa are situated on one and the same straight line, nearly ; 

 each of them too being thrown up by faults transverse to the main 

 axis of the range and striking N. E. and S. W. The width of the 

 range between Mts. Sakesa and Karingli a distance of G5 miles, is 



