662 Notes on the Geology of the Punjab Salt Bange. [No. 7. 



taneous existence of volcanic forces in the vicinity, and the follow- 

 ing passage from Ly ell's Elements of Geology is extremely applicable 

 to the beds in question ; it occurs at page 481, treating of the trap 

 of the new red sandstone period. " Some beds of grit mingled with 

 ordinary red marl resemble sands ejected erom a crater, and 

 in the stratified conglomerates occurring near Tiverton are many 

 irregular fragments of trap-porphery, some of them one or two tons 

 in weight intermingled with pebbles of other rocks. These angular 

 fragments were probably thrown out from volcanic vents, and fell 

 upon sedimentary matter then in course of deposition." The peb- 

 bles in these beds are porpheries, granite, trap, and some of the 

 harder schists, most of them like the Tiverton sands appearing to 

 have passed a fiery ordeal and bearing traces of its action. The 

 copper ore, rather rare in these grits is somewhat more abundant 

 in the purple shale. It occurs in small nodules rarely larger than a 

 pea and is quite insignificant in an economic point of view. The 

 following is an analysis, by Dr. Fleming, of a specimen of the ore 

 from Musakhel, published in the Delhi Gazette, 1850. 



Copper, 75.830 



Sulphuret of lead, 3.155 



Sulphur, 21.000 



Iron antimony, a trace 



Total,.. .. 99.985 

 Dr. Fleming is however, mistaken in naming limestone as the 

 matrix, and was probably misled in this point by the party who 

 furnished him with the specimen. 



No. 5. Above the copper shale and perhaps alternating with it 

 occurs a series of sandstones and conglomerates forming an import- 

 ant group. They are mostly highly silicious but some soft beds 

 occur in them. The most remarkable bed is a light coloured 

 extremely hard sandstone weathering of a fawn colour. In the 

 weathered state, some beds so resemble limestone that they have 

 been mistaken for it by, I believe, every one who has treated of the 

 geology of the range, and I was myself under the same impression 

 for some time. It frequently occurs brecciated and cavernous, 

 with seams of carbonate of lime and stalactites in the fissures. It 



