1854.] Coins of Indian Buddhist Satraps. 687 



patronised the arts and founded many cities on the Ganges and 

 Jumna. 



Of his immediate successors, Senadhwaja and Mahdganga, I have 

 nothing to say; but the fourth prince Mahdyodha or Mahi-jodh, 

 whose name is unfortunately missing in Tod's list, is most probably 

 the same as the Mahigal of the coins. The sixth prince Jivana, or 

 Jivansiraj, is, I have little doubt, the Jivanisa, or Zeiwi/«ros, of 

 the coins ; and the last prince Rajapdla is, I think almost certainly, 

 the same as the Rdja-bdla, or Pa£to fiaXos of the coins. In "Ward's 

 account it is stated that RAja-pdla having given himself up "to 

 effeminate amusements, his country was invaded by SdJc&ditya king 

 of Kumaon who proved victorious and ascended the throne/'* In 

 my list it is added that Sdkdditya was invited by Rajapdla' \s minis- 

 ter. Tod has made a jumble of this simple statement by confound- 

 ing Sdkdditya the "chief of the Sakas," with Vikramaditya, the 

 Sdkdri or "foe of the Sakas." 



In all these accounts the successful conqueror of Delhi is called 

 lord of the mountains of Kumaon. Even in Ferishta we find Far, 

 the antagonist of Alexander, styled " king of Kumaon." The 

 Sanskrit name is Kurmmdvan, or Kdrmmdchal, which is a synonyme 

 of HimdcJial ; but as Kurmma is the same as Kachchhapa, ^r^tf, a 

 tortoise, we may identify Kdrmmachdl with Kachchhwdchal, and the 

 kingdom of Kumaon with that of Khache or Kashmir which in the 

 time of the Indo-Scythians, or Sakas certainly comprised all the 

 mountains of the Panjab then inhabited by Khasas. In proof of 

 this, I need only mention that the Mongol author Sanangsetsen calls 

 Kanishka the king of Gache ; and that in an inscription, still exist- 

 ing in the Indreswari temple at Kangra, mention is made of the 

 Gachchhe-rdj or kingdom of G-ache.f These facts are, I think, suffi- 

 cient to prove that Sakaditya was not the petty chief of the 

 Kumaon hills, but the great king of the Indo-Scythians as his 



* Ward's Hindus, I. 24. 



f It is possible however, that Gache or Gachu was only the name of Kanishka's 

 original kingdom of Kie-chi between B*lkh and Baraian. The name is still pre- 

 served in Ghaznigak (the Ghaznifc of Taimur) near the old fort and caves of 

 Semengan, or Haibak as it is now called. The great Scythian may still have 

 retained the title of king of Gache after all his conquests. 



4 x 



