1854.] Coins of Indian Buddhist Satraps. 689 



Reverse. Demeter, or the Indian Ardokhro, with a cornucopia in 

 her left hand, and a wreath in her right, with which she is crowning 

 the Eaja who is standing before her. Ariano-Pali legend " Mahi- 

 gulasa Chatrapasa-putrasa Chatrapasa Jivanisa" (coin) of the Satrap 

 Mahigul's son, the Satrap Jivanisa. 



Fig. 3. Sound copper coin weighing 167 grains, procured at 

 Kashmir. 



Fig. 4. Ditto round copper coin similar to the last, procured at 

 Eawal Pindi. 



Both of these coins are in my own possession ; and I am not 

 aware of the existence of any other specimens. No. 4 has the 

 name perfect which is wanting on No. 3. 



Obverse. Humped Indian Bull : Buddhist monogram of Dharma ; 

 corrupted Greek legend as on Nos. 1 and 2. 



Reverse. The Singha, or maneless Indian lion. Ariano-Pali le- 

 gend as on Nos. 1 and 2. 



The types of the horseman on the silver coins, and of the bull 

 and lion on the copper coins, all show that Jivanisa cannot be dated 

 earlier than the reign of Azas, from whose coins they are evidently 

 copied. Prof. Lassen assigns the reign of Azas to B. C. 116-90 

 and my own chronology to B. C. 110-90, both of which periods 

 correspond with the approximate date of Jivana given with my 

 table a few pages back. The prominence of the monogram of 

 Dharma on all his coins proves that Jivana was a Buddhist and his 

 imitation of the types of Azas indicates that he was most probably 

 the satrap or tributary of that prince. 



Coins of Bajabala. 



Fig. 5. — Eound billon hemidrachma, weighing 37 grains ; one of 

 three in my own possession. 



the same as the phallic Hermes, and the four-faced Indian Brahma. In fact the 

 supreme Mahadeva in his threefold form of Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, is the same 

 god as Dionysos the Demiurgus. Schlegel and Keightley have denied the Indian 

 origin of Dionysos ; but in my opinion there is nothing more certain ; and I hope 

 hereafter to be able to establish my opinion. At present I will content myself 

 with referring to the gem bearing the words NAMA 2EBE2ION which is pure 

 Sanskrit signifying "glory to Sabazios," a well known title of Dionysos. See 

 also Ausonius — Epiqr. xxx. 4< Dionyson Indi existimant." 



4x2 



