1854.] Coins of Indian Buddhist Satraps. 701 



the lathe," inside which was another gold cylinder. "With these 

 caskets were found forty-nine copper coins and one gold coin, all 

 belonging to the two Indo-Scythian princes Oerke and Kanerki, or 

 Hushka and Kanishka. In the gold cylinder, there was a small 

 piece of silver, about the size of a shilling, on which were engraved 

 two lines of Ariano Pali writing : see fig. 25. The upper line may 

 be read without hesitation as Gomangasa " of the emancipated," or 

 more literally of "one who has abandoned the body ;" from guna, 

 abandoning, and angga the body. The second line I read as Kana- 

 ralcasa, taking the first and fourth letters as cursive forms of k. 

 No doubt this plain disc of silver, as Jas. Prinsep supposed, was 

 "intended to explain the whole mystery." This mystery, I believe 

 to be explained by my reading of the two words as Gomangasa 

 KanaraTcasa, or " (relics) of the emancipated Kanerki." According 

 to this reading, the great tope of Manikyala was the Mausoleum of 

 the Indo-Scythian Kanerki or Kanishka, the paramount ruler of 

 Kabul, Kashmir, and the Punjab, about the beginning of the 

 Christian era. The brown liquid therefore, most probably contained 

 the mortal remains of the great Indo-Scythian emperor, mixed with 

 a portion of sandal wood or other ashes from his funeral pile. 



With regard to the three gifts of Swasti Siva, the satrap of Taxila, 

 I suppose that they may have been either the three distinct deposits 

 which were found in different parts of the tope, or the three separate 

 boxes of the lower deposit only. The former, I think, is the more 

 probable conclusion, as the uppermost deposit contained a gold coin 

 of Oerke, who was an Indo-Scythian prince of as early a date as 

 Kanishka himself. 



I formerly thought that Gomangasa, "of the abandoned body" 

 had reference to the tope which was built over the spot where 

 Buddha had "abandoned his body" to feed seven hungry tiger-cubs. 

 But the publication of Hwan Thsang's life by M. Stan. Julien, which 

 gives much more detailed accounts of the Buddhist monuments of 

 India, shows that the "tope of the abandoned body" was not at 

 Taxila itself. In this part of Hwan Thsang's text there appear to 

 me at least two mistakes. These are, 1st, his placing the Sin-thu, or 

 Indus, to the north of Taxila ; and, 2nd, his placing U-la-s7ri, or 

 Urasa (the Varsa Eegio of Ptolemy and the Rash district of the 



