1854.] Coins of Indian Buddhist Satraps. 709 



characters, has never yet been fully read. This was partly due to 

 the new style of the titles, and partly to the unusual forms of some 

 of the characters. But my recent discovery of the true forms of 

 the numismatic ch, and of its aspirate chh, now enables me to give 

 what I believe to be a satisfactory rendering of every letter of the 

 inscription. My reading is (see fig. 27). 



Khushanga Yathaasa Kujula Kaphsasa Sacliha dharmapidasa. 



" Coin of the king of the Khushang Kujala Kaphsa, the crown 

 of the true Dharnia."* 



The coins of Kozoula Kadphizes differ altogether from these in 

 size and type and in the Greek legend, but the native legend is 

 almost the same. They bear also two distinct Greek legends 

 although the types and native legends remain the same. The earlier 

 coins have BA^XAEOS 2THP02 2Y EPMAIOY, and were probably 

 struck by the conqueror during the life time of Hermseus. The later 

 coins have KIIZIIYAII KAA$ZOY KIIPClI on the Greek side, 

 and on the reverse in bold and well formed Ariano Pali characters 

 the legend (see fig. 28.) 



Kujula Kasasa KusJianga Yathagasa Dhamapidasa. 



On a single well preserved specimen (see fig. 30) I find instead 

 of the single letter m in the Pali word Dhama, a compound which 

 I take to be rm, thus giving the Sanskrit form of Dharma. This 

 compound letter may in fact be easily resolved into the Ariano Pali 

 forms of r and m, the latter having the right horn of the crescent 

 lengthened upwards.f 



The same compound letter occurs twice on the coins of Aswa- 

 varma (in fig. 20) in positions which seem to confirm the correct- 



* I have considered Z A0OT as a royal title, equivalent to the Sanskrit Kshatra, of 

 which we have various Greek forms ; "Evarsrjs, EasrrjS, "S.vasrrjs, s.adsr)S. The last 

 is nearly the same as that on our Indo-Scythian coins. Zatha or Yatha may 

 however, be the name of a people, the ancestors of the modern Jdts, The inscrip- 

 tion would then be " (coin) of the Kushanian Jat, Kujula Kaphsa, the crown of 

 the true Dharma." 



f Pida, ifts, a chaplet or crown, is the Sanskrit word. The compounds 

 Dharma-pida, the " crown of the Dharma" and Sachha- dharma -pida , the " crown 

 of the true Dharma," are I believe, unusual ; but they are grammatically correct, and 

 eminently Buddhistical. We have an analogous title in the Taj ud-di?i, or " crown 

 of religion" amongst the Musalmans. 



