Geology and Mineralogy. 93 



60 feet lower than the present. Beds of crumpled and faulted clays 

 overlaid by till and underlaid by gravels lie 25-30 feet above 

 mean sea level and "there is little reason to doubt their inter- 

 glacial age." Professor Woodworth finds evidences of strong 

 wave action as high as 80 feet above the sea and concludes that 

 marine action rather than glacial lake waters was concerned in 

 the beach making. 



6. Latest and Lowest Pre-Lroquois Channels between Syracuse 

 and Home, New York', by H. L. Fairchild. 21st Report New 

 York State Geologist, pp. 233-247, pis. 7-31.— The level water- 

 planed stretches utilized by the New York Central R. R. from 

 Syracuse to Rome and by the Erie Canal between Syracuse and 

 Canastota, were formed by rivers between the ice front and the 

 high ground on the south. The description and elaborate illustra- 

 tion of these channels will be appreciated by teachers of geology 

 especially. 



7. Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, etc./ by 

 W. H. Dall. Part Yf, pp. xi, 1219-1654, with plates xxviii-lx. 

 Philadelphia, October, 1903. — This volume, appearing as vol. Ill, 

 Part YI of the Transactions of the Wagner Free Institute of 

 Science of Philadelphia, forms the concluding portions of Mr. Dall's 

 great work on the Tertiary Fauna of Florida, repeatedly noticed 

 in this Journal. The author and the scientific public are to be 

 alike congratulated upon the successful completion of so import- 

 ant a labor and no small measure of thanks are due to the Wagner 

 Institute for its liberal support. 



8. Spinel Tioins of Pyrite ; by Wm. Nicol. (Communicated.) 

 — Some time since, the writer found among a number of brilliant 

 pyrite crystals from French Creek, Pa., bought from Ward's 

 scientific establishment at Rochester, two small ones which were 

 evidently " spinel twins." In size the crystals were about 2 mm in 

 diameter. They were found embedded in calcite and associated 

 with byssolite. In both cases the two twinned individuals were 

 equally developed octahedrons showing the usual distortion, viz : 

 flattening parallel to the twinning plane. The faces when 

 observed on the Goldschmidt two-circle goniometer gave signal 

 reflections with fairly good measurements, which showed with- 

 out doubt that the requirements of the spinel law were complied 

 with. In a later number of this Journal the details of the obser- 

 vations will be communicated. As far as I can ascertain, the 

 spinel law, by far the most common twinning law in the regular 

 system, has not yet been observed in the case of pyrite, there- 

 fore it may be of interest to know that its existence has been 

 proved beyond doubt. 



9. Pamosite not a Mineral ; by Lea Mel. Ltjquer. (Com- 

 municated.) — The doubtful mineral Ramosite occurring in peb- 

 bles in alluvium from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, originally described 

 by Perry in the Transactions of the American Institute of Mining 

 Engineers in 1884 (vol. xii, 628), has been carefully reexamined 

 with the following results. 



