Russell — Massive-Solid Volcanic Eruptions. 257 



ocean's surface, and, as is shown by a sketch* made in the fall 

 Of 1883, here reproduced, had a tower-like form similar to the 

 obelisk of Pele. 



The rock of which Bogosloff is composed, as determined by 

 G-. P. Merrill,f is hornblende-andesite, an analysis of which is 

 presented in the table on page 261 of this essay. 



\C 



hd '% 









Fig. 2. The New Volcanic Island of Bogosloff , as seen September-October, 



1883. After W. H. Dall. 



,In the case of Bogosloff, there is no evidence on record of a 

 lava flow, or that any of the material extruded was in a fluid 

 or even moderately plastic condition. As will be remembered, 

 no fluid lava was discharged from Panum Crater, and up to 

 the present time during the still continuing period of activity 

 of Pele only f ragmen tal-solid and massive-solid eruptions have 

 occurred, excepting that highly viscous clots which fell as 



* Science, vol. iii, 1884, p. 285. 



f Science, vol. iv, 1884, p. 524 ; also Eocks, Eock- Weathering and Soils, 

 by the same author. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1897, p. 84. 



