AND THE ZOOLOGY OF CHINA 51 



and in such a solution the linen is dyed to a grey colour. 

 Such dye is not lasting and is employed mostly in villages 

 for its cheapness. 



6.— Dahurian larch-tree. (Larix dahurica Turcz). This 

 is a compact high tree originally growing in the mountainous 

 districts of the Far East generally. From the rose-red bark 

 of this tree the natives of the Amur river basin prepare a 

 dirty rose dye. 



7. Acer or maple-tree. (Acer Ginnala Maxim). It is 

 grown in all parts of the country mostly in the vicinity of 

 little mountain rivers. It is a shrub which grows to the 

 height of 5 or 6 meters, with a light -brown bark full of 

 wrinkles, trilobate dark green leaves. It is employed by the 

 Chinese to make a black dye. 



8. — Buck-thorn (Bhamnus globosus Bunge and R. 

 dahurica Pall).—M* ^ (Shu-li), 3 s ^ (Niu-li), \\\ ^ (Shan-li). 

 These tw T o shrubs or trees are found on all mountainous 

 districts in the Far East. The leaves of these plants, when 

 dried become a bluish or rather dark blue tint and from them 

 the Chinese get a special green dye, resembling true indigo. 



9. — Alder-tree (Alnus fruticosa Rwpr). This is a large 

 shrub or tree with ovalshaped leaves. From the dark bark 

 of this alder the natives of the Amur river prepare a brown 

 dye. 



10. — Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) — (fij H (Hsiang- 

 jih-k'uei), $fl B f|. It is extensively cultivated through out 

 the Far East and a variety of the plant with black seeds is 

 used by Chinese to dye the cloth a black-grey colour. By 

 boiling the seeds in water a black liquid is got and the cloth 

 is dyed. 



"ll. Berberry (Berberis amurensis Bupr. andB. sinensis 



Desp.) The Chinese and the Amur berberry are very com- 

 mon in Manchuria and Eussian Far East. The bark of these 

 shrubs contains an alkaloid-berberin which is employed by 

 the local Chinese to make a yellow dye. 



12 Velvet or velvet-tree (Phellodendron Amurense 



R U pr.y-m * (Po-mu), M M (Huang-po). It is a common 

 tree in all parts of the Far East with a velvety soft bark and 

 a yellow-liber The Eussian the Chinese and the natives 

 employ this liber to dye linen and silk in a yellowish brown 

 colour by boiling the liber and the cloth together 



13— Bud marigold. (Bidens tripartita L.)—fo IB W,. 

 \n annual plant with trilobate leaves and big yellowish 

 flowers. It grows in all parts of the district m marshy 

 places. The local Chinese get a black dye from this plant. 



14 —White birch. (Betula platyphylla Sue.)— W * 

 9 * A very common tree in mountains of the Far East. 



