58 NOTES ON THE AGRICULTURE, BOTANY 



written about them. Several hundred kinds of beetles are 

 known, but most of them are described as being in the 

 Ussuri and Amur provinces. Collections of beetles from 

 these places can be seen in many European museums. It is 

 interesting to note that while on the beetles of the Far East 

 there are more than twenty scientifice articles, on the beetles 

 of Manchuria only three brief remarks exist giving a descrip- 

 tion of not more than 100 kinds. The beetles of the Ear East 

 belong to the paleonarctic districts (Japan, Corea, Man- 

 churia, Ussuri province and North China) and they are 

 composed of elements common to Central America, (as 

 Callipogon, Phellopsis, Plectrura, Cupes, Lavguria, Ceph- 

 aleon), India (Rhone, Dorysthenes, Colasposoma, Nodas- 

 toma, Typerodes), endemical elements (Captolabrus, Eucy- 

 alestes, Pseudopidonia, Sieversia) and specially of paleonar- 

 tical errasical species. 3 The fauna of the beetles of the 

 Manchuria district is richly represented, here we meet the 

 beautiful tiger-beetles (Cicindela) ; among the different Cam- 

 bus the Amurian kind — Captolabrus smargdinus is remark- 

 able for its brightly metallic green wing-shells and gold 

 front-back. In the mountainous part of Manchuria no less 

 beautiful is a separate variety of this beetle, also of a green 

 colour, but with black spots more strongly marked. To these 

 forms belong the Stark Carabus (Acaptolabrus Starhii) and it 

 is interesting to note also the Carabus elegans with brightly 

 metallic-green wing-shells with a red rim on the border. 

 Here we meet also various casside — insects pre-eminently 

 living in subtropical parts of the world. They are very pretty 

 insects with transparent wing-shells and in size remind one 

 of lad} -birds. Beside the arctic representatives in all parts 

 of the country reside the tropical species and some of them 

 may have the forms of the ancient tetrial nature. From the 

 capricorn-beetles it is not impossible to mention a beautiful 

 kind — Aromia Sieversi, with brightly-green wing-shells and red 

 front back. The largest beetle in this district is an enormous 

 Capricorn — Callipogon relictus from the family of Ceram- 

 bycidae (see fig. 1). Outwardly it resembles the European 

 Capricorn or goatchafer-beetles, but he surpasses them by 

 2-2^ times in size and reaches 8J cm. in length. • His head 

 is well adapted to get food and is decorated by antennae, and 

 the wing-shells are of a dark-brown colour. Besides his size 

 Callipogon is ' also remarkable for his relatives numbering 



3 See the article of Semenow-Tienshansky in the works of the 

 Russian Entomol. Soc. Vol. XXXII, 1899, p. 562-580 (Supplementary 

 information see Russian Entomol. Review II, 1902, p. 321-324 and 

 IV, 1907, p. 220-227. 



