72 NOTES ON THE AGRICULTURE, BOTANY 



20. — Aralia cordata Thunb. It is a common plant in the 

 Middle and South Manchuria, The thick, aromatical roots 

 and the young stalks of this plant are eaten by the Chinese 

 and the Coreans. 



21. — Lespedeza bicolor Turz. A common shrub, the 

 flowers of which are eaten by Chinese after they are boiled. 



22. — Pleurospermum austriacum Hoff. It is grown in 

 all Manchuria in the shade under the trees. This plant is 

 valued by the Chinese and the Corean as a vegetable. 



23. — Cacalia hastata L. It grows wild in all the district 

 and is used as food by the Chinese and the Coreans. 



24. — Lucern. (Medicago sativa L.) It is cultivated in 

 Fengtien province and is used by the Chinese as a vegetable. 



25. — Garden borage (Borrago officinalis L.) This weed 

 grows in all the Far East and is used by the Chinese as a 

 vegetable. 



26. — Shepherd purse. (Capsella Bursa pastoris Mnch.) 

 The young leaves of this plant are used by the Chinese as a 

 vegetable. 



27. — Cynanchum sp. (several hinds). The young fruits 

 of these climbing plants are eaten by the Chinese. 



28. — Cotyledon spinosa L. It grows throughout the dis- 

 trict, specially in the northern part on the rocks. The boiled 

 leaves of this plant are eaten by the local natives. 



29. — Kochia scoparia Schrad. The young leaves of this 

 w T eed are employed as food by the Chinese. 



30. — Xanthium strumarium L. The leaves of these 

 weeds are eaten by the Chinese when hungry. 



31. — Reed. {Phragmites communis. Trim.) It is a very 

 common plant in river valleys. The young shoots are used 

 by the Chinese as a vegetable. 



32. — Reed-mace (Typha orientalis Presl.) The shoots are 

 also employed as a vegetable. 



33. — Amarantus blitum L. It is either cultivated or 

 grows wild. The leaves are eaten as a vegetable. 



34. — Polygonum Hydropiper L. It is found in all dis- 

 tricts and the leaves of this plant are used as a vegetable. 



35. — Dandelion. (Taraxacum sp., several species). It is 

 found everywhere and the young spring leaves are eaten by 

 the Chinese. 



36. — Sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis L.) This grass is 

 also eaten as a vegetable. 



37. — Amurian grape (Vitis amurensis Rupr.) It grows 

 in all mountainous districts and the leaf stalks are eaten by 

 the Chinese. 



38. — Wild purslain (Portulaca oleracea L.) This com- 

 mon weed is eaten by Chinese. 



