AND THE ZOOLOGY OF CHINA 



73 



39 —Wormwood (Antemisia vulgaris L.) It grows 

 everywhere and the young stalks are eaten by the Chinese. 



XVI.— Dimensions of Trees in the Manchurian Forests. 



Those who have been in the Eastern part of mountainous 

 Manchuria are transported with delight at seeing the enor- 

 mous Manchurian forests and the diversity of the trees. At 

 present the woods are going through a period of exploitation 

 and are rapidly disappearing thanks to the old methods of 

 cutting, taxation and frequent fires. 



These forests contain about fifty kinds of trees the 

 greater part of which are not known to the local population. 

 Those having a wide trade importance are— the Manchurian 

 cedar, ajanien fir, dahurian larch, poplar, birch, elm, lime, 

 ash, velvet, manchurian nut, maple. These are mostly used 

 as firewood, necessary to the Chinese on the Eastern railway 

 and for personal needs. At the present time in these forests 

 the yew-tree has disappeared; the cedar is disappearing gra- 

 dually as well as other valuable trees such as the Manchurian 

 apricot, Siberian apple-tree, Chinese pear-tree, Amurian 

 acacia, velvet, different maples are almost exclusive used as 

 fuel. 



As will be seen in the list given below, the Manchurian 

 trees are of very solid dimension. Some little known kinds 

 are not too small to prevent their being used on valuable 

 works. 



Manchurian cedar (Pinus manschurica Rupr. 



Common pine (Pinus silvestris L.) 



Sepulchral pine (Pinus funebris Kom.) 



Dahurian larch (Larix dahurica Jurs.) ... . 



Ajanien fir (Picea ajanensis Fisch.) 



Siberian fir (Picea abovata Linde) 



Fir (Abies nephrolepis Maxim) 



Yew-tree (Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.) 



Chinese poplar (Populus Simoni Carr.) 



Fragrant poplar (Populus Suaveolens Fisch/ 



Asper (Populus tremula L.) 



Willow (Salix triandra L.) 



Willow (Salix caprea L.) .... 



Willow (Salix acutifolia Willd.) 



Birch of Ermani (Betula Ermanni Cham.) 



Black birch (Betula dahurica Pall.) 



Yellow birch (Betula costata Troutv.) 



White birch (Betula platyphylla Sue.) 



Alder (Alaus fruticosa Rupr.) 



Carpinus cordata Blume 



Mongolian oak (Quercus Mongolica Fisch) ... 



Mountain elm (Ulmus montana Wither) 



Elm (Ulmus pumila L.) 



Elm (Ulmus campestris L.) 



Height. 



Diam . 



Age. 



130.5 ft. 



84 in. 



400 



81.5 ft. 



35 in. 





97.8 ft. 



42 in. 





105.8 ft 



49 in. 



400 



83.8 ft. 



38.5 in. 



300 



69.9 ft. 







81.5 ft. 



17.5 in. 



200 



83.8 ft. 



43.7 in. 





116.5 ft. 



43.7 in. 





116.5 ft. 



43.7 in. 





69.9 ft. 







32.6 ft. 







23.3 ft. 







69.9 ft. 



45.5 in. 





76.8 ft. 







62.9 ft. 



21 in. 





81.5 ft. 



19.2 in. 





83.8 ft. 



28 in. 



250 



46.6 ft. 



17 in. 





69.9 ft. 



43.7 in. 





79.2 ft. 



28 in. 





93.2 ft. 



34.5 in. 





68.2 ft. 



43.7 in. 





83.8 ft. 



33.2 in. 



250 



