76 NOTES ON THE AGRICULTURE, BOTANY 



genus Hemibarbus in the East is represented by 2 kinds — 

 one from the Amur basin, Japan, Corea, China and Formosa; 

 the other is known in China. The Amurian bream (Para- 

 bramis pehinensis) living in all the Amur basin and in China 

 down to Shanghai, is also worthy of attention. This bream 

 reaches 52 cm. in length, has a very high body, pressed-in 

 sides and is covered by sufficiently big scales. Its head is 

 small, the upper jaw is a little longer than the lower, the 

 mouth is not large, the dorsal fin is also small and has sharp 

 black ends. Here must be indicated also the hump-backed 

 bream (Parabramus terminalis) with a higher hump on the 

 back than the amurian kind and with a large, sharp dorsal 

 fin. His jaw juts only a little from the lower one. Here- 

 was also found a small fish of the genus Pseudorasbora with 

 one kind P. parva peculiar to the Amur basin, Japan, Corea, 

 and China. It is a remarkably small fish — Pseudogobio 

 rivularis with a stretched body pressed-in sides, covered with 

 small scales, with fleshy lips and with small moustaches. It 

 inhabits the Amur basin and China; the remaining two kinds 

 of this species occur in Japan, Formosa, and in China. The 

 species Gutter is worthy of attention with 10 representatives 

 in the Amur basin, in China, and in Tonkin. Also the dis- 

 tribution of the bitter fish is interesting. It lives in Europe, 

 but is absent from all basins of rivers of the frozen ocean in 

 Northern Europe and Asia. It is not seen in Turkestan and 

 in Siberia, but again appears in the Amur basin. The general 

 distribution of all 5 kinds of bitter fishes extends through 

 Europe, Asia Minor, Caucasus, Amur basin, China and 

 Japan. The fish Acanthorhodeus asmussi (see fig. 4) with 

 a high body, as the crucian, pressed in sides, with a stretched 

 dorsal fin, small mouth and large scales of a light gold or 

 yellowish color. It reaches 15 cm. in length. Besides this 

 form, known in the Amur basin, 7 other kinds of the same 

 genus are found in China and in Tonking. 



There is found in Hanka lake a small fish Acheilogna- 

 thus chan~kensis — the remaining 8 kinds of this genus are 

 peculiar to Corea, Japan, Formosa, It is necessary to men- 

 tion the genus Lepua. One kind of them (L. costata) in- 

 habits the Amur basin and North China, the remaining 2 

 Japan. This is a small fish with a stretched body, flat head, 

 armored with 2 pairs of moustaches. All along his body in 

 the middle of the sides passes a black-brown streak and on 

 the caudal fin are also black spots. The Amurian groundling 

 must be indicated as representing a special variety of the 

 European form. 



In addition to the Amur it is found in Corea, Japan, 

 China down to Canton and in Formosa. The fishes of genus 



