AND THE ZOOLOGY OF CHINA 87 



October— after 4^ months. Among the rice fields covered 

 with the winter rice were observed some places where the 

 rice stalks were attacked by the worms of small butterflies,— 

 Schaenobius incertellus W. L. K. 8 which sometimes destroys 

 more than 5% of all the crop. Some local Chinese know this 

 insect, but others explain the dried stalks by the strong 

 summer winds. This rice pest was examined in many places 

 of Fukien, Kiangsu, Kwangtung, Kwangsi, Hainan and is 

 worthy of attention. 



Now in the Foochow Anglo- Chinese College a selection of 

 winter rice is produced by Mr. C. E. Kellogg and by Chinese 

 students and as Mr. C. E. Kellogg kindly informed me — 

 "The smallest number of kernels per head was 52 and 

 highest number 172, showing the amount of variation in 

 single heads, all of which were grown under the same con- 

 ditions. These heads have been saved and next year the 

 seeds be planted in an effort to improve the yield of rice." 



The winter rice is well distinguished from the summer 

 rice by the hulls being of a dark yellow colour, with dark 

 brown-yellow or reddish -yellow streaks, between the faces, 

 mostly in the upper part of the hulls. Some hulls are of a dark 

 reddish-brown colour but were not often examined. The 

 bearded winter rice was not seen, and only once some 

 hulls with small beards of 1-1.5 mm. in length were noted. 

 The grains of the winter rice resemble the grains of the 

 summer rice but the first one is more transparent; the 

 whiteness, though observed being almost absent. The seeds 

 are hard, heavier than the grains of the summer rice. The 

 winter rice is much valued by Chinese, thanks to its pleasant 

 savour and nourishing properties. Only two kinds of winter 

 rice are distinguished by the Chinese. 



1. — High Whiter Rice. — f I See Fig. I. 4. This is 

 one of the common rice plants near Foochow. It is mostly 

 1 meter in height and prefers a rich ground. The unhulled 

 winter rice is 6.5-8.5 mm. in length and 2.5-3 mm. in 

 breadth. The grains are of 5-6.5 mm. in length and 2.2-2.5 

 mm. in breadth. 



2. — Sesame like winter rice. — vft M & This kind of rice 

 is not common near Foochow and is distinguished from the 

 above kind by its smaller height. The seeds have the same 

 shape as the big and high winter rice. 



Upland rice (Oryza sativa var. Montana =ii ^ ). The 

 upland rice is only cultivated in mountains near Foochow 

 at the height of 500-1,000 feet. As in many places in China, 



8 Un perforateur du riz. Schaenobius incertellus WLK. (Bui. 

 Econom. de L'Indochine, N. 131, 1918. Hanoi-Kaiphong.) 



