AND THE ZOOLOGY OF CHINA 91 



interest. The former one is the staple grain of this district 

 and is largely cultivated throughout Manchuria, the second 

 is not so common, and is seen both in the South and North 

 of the country. These plants are met with in several 

 varieties and local forms, some of which are of a rural 

 economic interest. 



Great millet or kaoliang is found in the following 

 forms : — 



I. — Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. vulgaris subvar. 

 japonica. This is the principal kind which is grown in great 

 quantity everywhere. It is an annual of 5-12 feet in height; 

 with sufficiently wide linear leaves and thick, straight, stand- 

 ing, compact brush. The spikes on the sides of the branches 

 of the brush are disposed in pairs, but on the ends by threes. 

 The riped spikes are backward-oval, bright black or pale 

 yellow. 



The following forms of this subvariety are found. 



1. — Bearded red kaoliang. This kind has small beards 

 and reddish seeds. 2. — Unbearded red kaoliang. A form, 

 without beards. 3. — Unbearded ivhite kaoliang. A un- 

 bearded kind with eight white yellow grains. 4. — Bearded 

 white kaoliang. A kind with small beards. 



II. — Gluiinose kaoliang. Andropogon Sorghum Brot. 

 var. halepensis, subvar. leiostachys Hackel. This form is 

 not frequently observed and is remarkable for its long, large 

 very cernous branchy brushes, with bearded spikes. The 

 seeds are smooth, black in the upper part covered with bristly 

 hairs and glutinous when cooked. This plant is of 5-9 feet 

 in height and has the appearance of a gigantic millet. 



Barley in Manchuria is found in three forms among 

 which the four rowed barley is the most common. In follow- 

 ing forms are represented here. 



1. Four-rowed barley. (Hordeum vulgar e L.) It has 



four rowed spikes and oblong grains. 2.— Six-rowed barley. 

 (Hordeum hexasiichum L.) This kind was brought to Man- 

 churia from Europe. 3. — Manchurian six-rowed barley. 

 (Hordeum hexastichum L. var. mandshuricum Eegel). This 

 local variety is distinguished from the former one by cylin- 

 dric, cernous spikes. In the opinion of Prof. Eegel this 

 plant is very valuable for cultivation for its rich harvest and 

 rapid ripening. The Chinese barley in Manchuria is far 

 better than the barley cultivated in the Kussian Far East, 

 but this is because of the method of cultivation. 



XXVII.— Kaoliang and Maize Growing at Eoochow. 



At first sight it appears strange that there should be an 

 enormous difference in rural economic life between the North 



