PHYSICAL FEATURES. 19 



T. Saunders 1 includes the entire Tibetan plateau, with its fringing 

 systems of mountains, as forming one structural whole, of which the 

 Himalaya forms the southern segment of the girdle. The range in 

 which the greater part of snowy peaks are found he calls the South- 

 ern Himalayas, whilst the line of water-shed, the "southern water- 

 shed " is termed by him the Northern Range. 



C. B. Markham 2 describes the features of the Himalaya much 

 in the same manner as the previous writer, but applies the name 

 a Inner " or " Northern " range to the mountain chains which divide the 

 Sutlej from the Indus, whilst he calls the line of water-parting, 

 Saunders' northern range, the Central, and the line of snowy peaks 

 the Southern Himalaya. 



W. T. Blanford 3 agrees with Strachey, that the Himalayas form 

 but the southern scarp of the Tibetan plateau, in the same manner 

 as the Kuenlun defines the northern margin of the same. 



H. B. Medlicott, 4 who adheres to the above view, divides the 

 component ranges of the Himalaya into (1) Central, (2) Outer or 

 Lower, and (3) Sub- Hi ma" lay as. 



These are, in short, the principal views which have been formed 

 within modern times by various geographers; I need not dwell here 

 at any length on the theory fore-shadowed by Hodgson, that the 

 line of great peaks is not a true range, but that these heights are 

 situated on spurs which run out from the range which forms the 

 water-parting. This theory advocated again by a writer in the 

 Calcutta Review 5 and partially supported by the compiler of the 

 North-Western Provinces Gazetteer, 6 has been ably disposed of by 

 Markham and Saunders. 7 The snowy range, the Himalaya of the 

 Hindu geographers, is a true range in every sense of the word, 



1 A sketch of the Mountains and River basins of India. Lond., 1870. Geogr. 

 Mag. IV, 173— 181 (1877). 



2 Geo. Mag. IV, 113— 118 (1877). 

 8 Manual of the Geology of India. 



4 Manual ; Chap. Ill of the Gazetteer of N.-W. P., Vol. X. 



5 January 1877, p. 145. 



6 Chap. I, Vol. X. 



7 As above referred to. 



C 2 ( 19 ) 



