54 



GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



Babeh pass and the haimantas, I believe, does not exist; the crump* 

 ling and folding of the strata is so enormous just north of the pass, 

 that a slight variation in the dip of the respective strata is not suffi- 

 cient to assume unconformability between the two systems. 



The haimantas in the Spiti section (see detailed description, 

 Chapter VII), consist of precisely the same rock series which forms 

 this formation in the sections further east and south-east. Stoliczka 

 has correlated also the Babeh series with the Simla section ; the meta- 

 morphics of the latter area he classes with the lower and middle 

 portion of the Babeh beds, whilst he believes that the infra-Blaini and 

 Simla slates represent the upper beds of the Babeh series. 



Oldham 1 recognized amongst the beds of the Babeh series mem- 

 bers of his Chukrata series, whilst some of the beds above he identi- 

 fies with rt infra-Krols " of the Simla area. Stoliczka's identification 

 of the Babeh series with the Simla rocks may possibly be correct, at 

 least as regards the lower Babeh series. In the upper part of this 

 system Stoliczka included some members of the upper Silurians and 

 even younger palaeozoics, which happen to be inclosed within a syn- 

 clinal of the Babeh rocks. As the " Babeh series " underlies the 

 lowest silurian (with fossils) it will be seen that the Simla rocks 

 below the Krol limestone would become also pre-silurian, or as I call 

 the system in this memoir, haimantas. I consider however this 

 question far from settled ; before it is possible to form an accurate 

 opinion on it, much detailed work will have to be done in the area in 

 question, and the Simla rocks will have to be studied in connection, 

 not only with their continuations north-westwards, but also with the 

 haimanta system of the higher Himalayas. 



Lydekker 2 sums up the whole of the lowest palaeozoics in his 



Panjal system, and describes as the lowest por- 

 tion of it rocks apparently identical with, or 

 at any rate closely resembling some members of Stoliczka's Babeh 

 series, i.e., my haimantas of the Central Himalayas ; he also identi- 

 fies his lowest Panjals with the lower Blaini bed and Simla slates. It 



Kashmir. 



1 Rec. XXI, p. 150. 



( 54 ) 



2 Mem. Geo., XXII. 



