PAINKANDA SECTIONS. 



97 



extent has shattered the haimantas and its adjoining formations so 

 much that a correct mapping of the various'boundary lines would be 

 an impossible undertaking on the small scale of an inch to the mile 

 even ; several blocks of the underlying gneiss are brought up again 

 and again during the 4 miles between the small glacier on the south- 

 side of the Chor Hoti and the junction of the Shanti stream with the 

 Dhauli Ganga. The annexed figure 14 will give an idea of the compli- 









Fig. 14. Folding of the haimantas in the valley of the Shanti stream, a. Gneiss; 

 b. Conglomerate ; c. Shales of the haimantas. 



cated character of the faulting in the region. The sketch was made 

 in the valley of the Girthi river, immediately south-east of the Kur- 

 kuti Dha> which forms the left side of the Shanti valley. 



The faults and disturbances seen in the latter locality are of 

 course visible in the Girthi valley also, where they are intensified by 

 the nearness to the great Girthi river fault shown in the map, close 

 to which immense crushing has taken place. 



The existence of the fold-fault near the boundary between the 



haimantas and the gneiss can only be conjec- 

 tured (see page 92), for in the sections of the 

 Shanti and Girthi the contact seems conformable and natural, as for 

 instance in the cliffs east of Gamsali, where both the gneiss and the 

 overlying purple quartz conglomerate and slates dip about 35 ° east. 

 The crushing and faulting which the whole palaeozoic group suffered in 

 these sections has brought about many positions, which alone seen 

 would puzzle one considerably. So for instance in the Girthi valley 

 near Kotim camping ground the division 2 is crushed in steep folds 



H ( 97 ) 



Fold-fault. 



