9 8 



GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



At Malari. 



against the underlying gneiss. As Kusai camping ground in the 

 Shanti valley silurian limestone on the left side of the valley seems to 

 dip below the purple quartzite (2) on the right bank of the stream, 

 the latter being pushed over the former. Near Kolajabar camping 

 ground at the foot of the Chor Hoti pass, we see red and green haiman- 

 ta slates, the latter with traces of Bellerophon sp. dipping below 

 lower Silurians. The red slates show as a distinct band all along the 

 very rugged cliffs which form the steep sides of the Shanti valley, 

 capped by the dark coloured Silurians. 



Near Malari I observed that the coarse quartz conglomerate (2) 

 rests directly on the gneiss which forms the great hill masses south- 

 west of that village. The Dhauli Ganga runs 

 through a narrow gorge eroded through the 

 gneiss beds, and the contact between them and the overlying haimanta 

 conglomerates is plainly seen and appears to be perfectly natural. 

 A minor fault, which I have not traced further south-eastwards, cuts off 

 a portion of the haimantas over which a small mass of gneiss is pushed 

 from the north-east, thus producing a repetition of the section. 



Immediately* north-east of the village of Malari I noticed that 

 ~ . .. albite granite penetrates the gneiss and enters 



Granite in the con- ° r ° 



glomerate. t ne conglomerate. This is the only instance 



of granite intruded into haimantas which I have observed in the Niti 

 or Milam areas. Further eastwards the feature is common enough. 



Due east of Malari, about a mile and a half from it, rises the 

 Painkanda peak (19,340 feet), The western slope of it exposes good 

 sections of the entire palaeozoic group. Ascending the mountain 

 mass by the rocky spurs, which connect the highest points with the 

 slope just above Malari, I found the purple conglomerates with the 

 bright purple and dark coloured quartzites which form the haimanta 

 system strongly developed and steadily dipping north-east below the 

 band of quite unfossiliferous bright red or pink quartz shales. They 

 are seen to run along the entire western slope of the hills, conforming 

 to the general contour of them, and may be traced by their distinctive 

 colour miles away to the south-east. The silurian and carboniferous 



( 98 ) 



