PA1NKANDA SECTIONS. IOI 



L . . , lower slopes of the Silakank peaks No. 2, the 



Along the lower slopes 1 r ' 



of the Silakank. highest point of which is 19,265, and which 



descend, in more or less unbroken lines, down to the Dhauli Ganga. 

 Near the gorge of that river, between the junction of the latter with 

 the Silakank ravine and with the Ganes Ganga, the Silakank slopes 

 possess no undercliff of debris, but bare precipices of haimanta shales 

 are seen to descend direct down to the base of the gorge. PI. 6 

 gives the view facing the Silakank stream descending from it. Near 

 the left of the river will be seen the rugged, but steep slopes, falling 

 down towards the Dhauli Ganga gorge, composed of the jointed mas- 

 ses of the greenish shales of the haimantas 1 (1) with the bright red 

 quartz shales (2) clearly marking a boundary against the sombre 

 coloured, dark Coral limestone of the lower silurians. 



The opposite side of the Silakank stream in the same profile 



exposes the great fault (see map), which has 



Fault. 



brought the upper carboniferous into direct 

 contact with the whole group of palaeozoic beds below, the latter 

 having been pushed over the former. This fault divides the Upper 

 Painkanda area into two separate successions of the same group of 

 formations. South of the fault, I observed that the silurian system 

 (in company and closely connected structurally with the haimantas), 

 forms the basement, as it were, of the sedimentary cap which rests 

 on the high masses of the Chango, Daldakharak, the Damjan and 

 Marchauk peaks, and the Hoti and Kurkuti heights, and further south 

 and south-eastwards also of the Painkanda and Magram masses. The 

 same may be observed in the neighbouring, snow-covered, and almost 

 inaccessible regions of Johar. The silurian fossiliferous beds form 

 only narrow bands as it were at the base of the palaeozoic rocks, and 

 excepting close to the great line of fault or faults, conform more or 

 less to the contour of the hills, which they intersect at an angle of 

 about 25 to 30 . 



North of the fault there is only one area of silurian rocks in Pain- 

 kanda Mallas, namely, a narrow strip which overlies the haimantas 



1 By mistake the various divisions were numbered differently in this plate. 



( 'oi ) 



