108 GRIESBACH : GEOLOGY OF THE CENTRAL HIMALAYAS. 



south-west of Rimkin. A number of small glaciers descend from the 

 Hoti and Kurguthidhar heights into the valley below, nearly filling 

 the deep ravines, which expose good sections of the silurian system, 

 (see fig 20). 



The sheep track which leads from Niti to the Marchauk Pass 

 From Niti to the winds up the Bamlas heights, where the natural 

 Marchauk pass. contact between the haimantas and the metamor- 



phic series may be observed. As far as D£mjan encamping ground 

 the track moves more or less along the boundary of the haimanta 

 system (the red quartz shales (3)) and the silurians. But from 

 Damjan camping ground the path leads almost at right angles over 

 the silurian belt to the Marchauk pass, and so affords some good 

 exposures (sect. 2 in pi. 3). Unfortunately the palaeozoic group is 

 so much crushed along the entire section and local faulting brought 

 about not only several repetitions of the various divisions, but there 

 may be observed total inversions, so that without applying the key 

 of the Pethathali section to it, it would be next to impossible to 

 unravel the structure. As it is, I can only show the complicated struc- 

 ture of these heights diagramatically in my sect. 2 on pi. 3, but on 

 the map, I found it altogether impossible even approximately to 

 indicate these inversions and minor faults, and had to content myself 

 to show a continuous belt of silurian rocks roughly divided into three 

 divisions. 



East of Kurkuti, in the Girthi valley, a fault has pushed the hai- 

 manta rocks (with overlying silurians), over the 

 silurian system of the Painkanda peak (19,340'). 

 The Kurkuti heights with the silurian cap is seen from the Painkanda 

 south of it. 



The Painkanda, itself, is a great triangular cone, formed of 

 silurians, capped by a remnant of carboniferous rocks, the whole 

 resting on the purple coloured quartzites (2) and red shales (3) of 

 the haimanta system, which are well exposed on its western slopes, 

 descending down to Malari. Fossils are scarce in this locality, and 

 seem generally badly preserved. But the rocks are easily recognized, 

 ( >o8 ) 



Painkanda heights. 



