PAINKANDA SECTIONS. I 19 



bright orange-yellow bands. All are more or less dolomitic, and 

 show a cellular (Rauchwacke) structure, but they contain beds of true 

 Lithodendron limestone, in which the white sections and the structure 

 of this fossil are clearly weathered out of the darker rock. 



In descending the pass into the valley of the Silakank, I crossed 

 in succession the up-turned strata of dark limestones and dolomites 

 with marly intercalations, of the rha^tic system ; fossils abound, and 

 near the base of the great slope, dark, rust-brown limestone with 

 shaly partings crops out below the rhaetic dolomites, in which casts 

 of Cordis sp. are common. These are the upper triassic limestones, 

 met with in the typical sections of Shal Shal (p. 135). The beds 

 gradually assume a normal north-west to south-east strike with a 

 north-easterly dip of about 30 . Below the upper trias limestones with 

 Cordis sp. I found the entire middle and lower trias in which dark- 

 coloured limestone and dolomites predominate, but the greater part 

 of the trias in the slope from the Silakank pass to the stream-bed is 

 hidden by enormous accumulation of debris ; however near the bottom 

 of the valley I found a portion of the section protruding from below this 

 undercliff which consisted of the lighter coloured grey hard limestone, 

 yielding middle trias (Muschelkalk) fossils. A few hundred feet below 

 it the carboniferous white quartzite forms steep cliffs on both sides of 

 the valley. But lower down towards Pethathali the section is some- 

 what clearer of debris, and I noticed the permo-trias group rest on the 

 eroded surface of the upper carboniferous. From the edge of the 

 cliffs formed by the latter the trias and rhaetic section rises in one 

 continuous series to the jagged cliffs of the Silakank ridge. (See 

 Profile, pi. 6). 



The camping ground at the foot of the Niti pass about a mile above 

 Niti pass. Kiunglung Kiunglung is on carboniferous strata. The red 

 Permians. Crinoid limestone (7), see fig. 17, is in great force 



associated with a calcareous grit, and beds of sandstone of reddish-grey 

 colour. The whole formation dips about 6o° to north-east, and is 

 overlaid by a considerable thickness of the white quartzite (8) into 

 which the red Crinoid limestone (7) passes through grits and sandstone. 



( "9 ) 



